bluff
音标：
英音/ blʌf / 美音/ blʌf /
听听基本释意：
外刊例句：
On that occasion Law lost out, but in the summer game of transfer bid and bluff, there is always another hand to play, another deal to do.
那一次，劳输了，但在夏季的转会竞价和虚张声势的游戏中，总是有另一手牌可以玩，另一笔交易要做。
—BBC
By trampling over the virtue to wallow in the crime, Kacsmaryk has called the bluff of the entire right-leaning judicial branch: Put up, or shut up.
卡奇马里克践踏了美德，沉迷于犯罪，这让整个右倾司法部门的虚张声势：要么放手，要么闭嘴。
—Washington Post
“But I suspect that their bluff has been called.”
“但我怀疑他们的虚张声势已经被揭穿了。”
—New York Times
基本释意：
noun
a high steep bank (usually formed by river erosion)
虚张声势，唬人；假装做
同义词：
bold,sheer,bluff out,four flush
短释义：
Many a good crime story ends with a bluff—”I’ve already contacted the police and they’re on their way,” the detective will say when that is not at all the case. The expression “calling your bluff” comes from poker, where you “call” a game to see someone’s actual cards. Calling someone’s bluff means forcing them to admit the truth.
Bluff可以指高高的悬崖，也可以形容一个人态度唐突。 bluff 最常见的用法是作为动词，意思是假装。如果你在打牌时虚张声势，那么你就是在假装自己的牌比实际的好。
长释义：
Many a good crime story ends with a bluff—”I’ve already contacted the police and they’re on their way,” the detective will say when that is not at all the case. The expression “calling your bluff” comes from poker, where you “call” a game to see someone’s actual cards. Calling someone’s bluff means forcing them to admit the truth.
许多精彩的犯罪故事都以虚张声势结束——“我已经联系了警察，他们正在赶来的路上。”侦探会说，但事实并非如此。 “calling your bluff”一词源自扑克，即您“调用”游戏以查看某人的真实牌。揭穿某人的虚张声势意味着强迫他们承认真相。
文学例句：
The beach was small, only 200 yards long, but the bluffs made up for it.
海滩很小，只有200码长，但悬崖弥补了这一点。
—Code Talker: A Novel About the Navajo Marines of World War Two by Joseph Bruchac
He meets my eyes coolly, and I hope he doesn’t call my bluff.
他冷静地看着我，我希望他没有欺骗我。
—An Ember in the Ashes by Sabaa Tahir
Hundreds or thousands more stood atop the bluffs on the south bank, waving palm leaves in synchrony to create a kind of football wave that Carvajal clearly found peculiar and unnerving.
还有成百上千的人站在南岸的悬崖顶上，同步挥舞棕榈叶，形成一种足球波浪，卡瓦哈尔显然觉得这种波浪很奇怪，令人不安。
—1491 by Charles C. Mann
词源：
bluff (v.)1839, “to deceive (opponents), especially by betting heavily and with a confident air on a worthless hand to make them ‘fold,'” an American English poker term, perhaps from Dutch bluffen “to brag, boast,” or verbluffen “to baffle, mislead.” The general sense “use a show of confident assurance to deceive an opponent as to one’s real resources or strength” is by 1854. Related: Bluffed; bluffing.
An identical word meant “blindfold, hoodwink” in 1670s, but the sense evolution and connection are unclear; OED calls it “one of the numerous cant terms … which arose between the Restoration and the reign of Queen Anne.”Related entries & more
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
bluff (v.)1839，“欺骗（对手），特别是通过在毫无价值的牌上大量下注并自信地让他们‘弃牌’”，一个美式英语扑克术语，可能源自荷兰语 bluffen “吹牛、吹嘘，”或 verbluffen “迷惑、误导。”一般意义上的“用一种自信的表现来欺骗对手关于自己真正的资源或力量”是在 1854 年。虚张声势。在 1670 年代，有一个相同的词意为“蒙住眼睛、蒙蔽双眼”，但意义的演变和联系尚不清楚； 《牛津英语词典》称其为“众多黑话之一……出现在王政复辟和安妮女王统治期间。”相关条目及更多
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