crank
音标：
美音：/kræŋk/，英音：/kræŋk/
听听基本释意：
外刊例句：
The sheer volume of noise created by the north African side’s following was cranked up before kick-off when those familiar piercing whistles echoed around the stadium as the France teamsheet was read out.
当宣读法国队名单时，那些熟悉的刺耳哨声在体育场周围回荡，北非球队的追随者在开球前制造的巨大噪音被调高了。
—BBC
Mr. McCarthy said the nation’s staggering debt has cranked up inflation that subsequently helped trigger the recent collapse of several regional banks.
麦卡锡先生说，该国惊人的债务加剧了通货膨胀，随后导致几家地区性银行最近倒闭。
—Washington Times
Housing prices were already on the rise before the pandemic struck, but the sudden surge in interest from outsiders cranked up new pressure on the market.
疫情来袭之前，房价已经在上涨，但外界的兴趣突然飙升，给市场带来了新的压力。
—New York Times
基本释意：
verb
rotate with a crank
n. 想法古怪的人；脾气坏的人；（L 字形）曲柄；（非正式）脱氧麻黄碱（中枢兴奋药）；（诗、文）妙语
同义词：
crank up,crank up,zigzag,starter,churl,crosspatch,grouch,grump,crackpot,fruitcake,nut,nut case,screwball,cranky,tender,tippy
短释义：
You might crank a paper towel machine in a restroom to unspool the towels, or crank a music box to start it up — in either case, you’re turning a handle, which is also called a crank. You can also say that you crank up the engine when you start your car, even though you’re not literally turning or winding anything. A completely different kind of crank is a grouchy, opinionated person. This last meaning comes from cranky.
曲柄是使用手柄或杠杆转动或旋转某物。最早的汽车要求司机先启动发动机，然后才能坐上车开始驾驶。
长释义：
You might crank a paper towel machine in a restroom to unspool the towels, or crank a music box to start it up — in either case, you’re turning a handle, which is also called a crank. You can also say that you crank up the engine when you start your car, even though you’re not literally turning or winding anything. A completely different kind of crank is a grouchy, opinionated person. This last meaning comes from cranky.
您可能会在洗手间转动擦手纸机来拉开毛巾，或者转动音乐盒来启动它——无论哪种情况，您都在转动一个手柄，也称为曲柄。你也可以说当你启动你的汽车时你发动了引擎，即使你实际上并没有转动或缠绕任何东西。一种完全不同的怪人是脾气暴躁、固执己见的人。最后一个意思来自胡思乱想。
文学例句：
A hand cranks an alarm bell; sailors jump out of bunks, double-time it up stairways, assuming battle stations.
一只手摇动警钟；水手们跳出铺位，双倍地爬上楼梯，假设战斗位置。
—Middlesex: A Novel by Jeffrey Eugenides
He cranked up his automobile and sped off, sending a plume of dust to settle on Shady’s clean bar top.
他发动汽车，飞驰而去，扬起一缕尘土落在谢迪干净的吧台上。
—Moon Over Manifest by Clare Vanderpool
She tried the crank again, and this time it turned.
她再次尝试曲柄，这次它转动了。
—Fablehaven by Brandon Mull
词源：
crank (n.)”bent or vertical handle for turning a revolving axis,” Old English *cranc, implied in crancstæf “a weaver’s instrument,” crencestre “female weaver, spinster,” which is related to crincan “to bend, yield,” from Proto-Germanic *krank- “bend, curl up” (see cringe).English retains the literal sense of the ancient word (“something bent or crooked”), while in other Germanic languages it tends to have only a figurative sense (German and Dutch krank “sick,” formerly “weak, small”). The Continental definition entered into English crank via slang counterfeit crank “one who shams sickness to get charity” (1560s). OED notes that “the 16th c. vagabonds’ cant contains words taken directly from Continental languages.” It apparently lingered in the north (the 1825 supplement to Jamieson’s Scottish dictionary has crank “infirm, weak, etc.”) and might have influenced the development of the English word.Meaning “twist or turn of speech, grotesquery in words” is from 1590s; that of “absurd or unreasonable act” (perhaps caused by “twisted judgment”) is from 1848. The sense of “eccentric person,” especially one who is irrationally fixated, is first recorded 1833; this sometimes is said to be from the crank of a barrel organ, which makes it play the same tune over and over; but more likely it is a back-formation from cranky (q.v.) and thus from the notion of one having a mental “twist.”The person who adopts “any presentiment, any extravagance as most in nature,” is not commonly called a Transcendentalist, but is known colloquially as a “crank.” [Oliver W. Holmes, “Ralph Waldo Emerson”]There also was a crank (adj.) in Middle English meaning “lively, brisk, merry,” but it is of uncertain origin and connection. Cranky for “merry, lively” lingered into 19c. in northern England dialects and American English. Meaning “methamphetamine” attested by 1989, from the verb.Related entries & more
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
crank (n.)“用于转动旋转轴的弯曲或垂直手柄”，古英语 *cranc，隐含在 crancstæf“织工的工具”，crencestre“女织工，老处女”，与 crincan“弯曲，屈服， ” 来自原始日耳曼语 *krank-“弯曲，卷曲”（参见 cringe）。英语保留了古词的字面意义（“弯曲或弯曲的东西”），而在其他日耳曼语言中，它往往只有比喻意义（德语和荷兰语 krank 表示“病态”，以前表示“弱小”）。大陆定义通过俚语假冒曲柄进入英语曲柄“一个欺骗疾病以获得慈善的人”（1560 年代）。 OED 指出“16 世纪的流浪汉不能包含直接取自大陆语言的词”。它显然在北方徘徊（Jamieson 的苏格兰词典 1825 年的增刊有曲柄“infirm, weak, etc.”）并且可能影响了英语单词的发展。意思是“twist or turn of speech, grotesquery in words”来自1590 年代； “荒谬或不合理的行为”（可能是由“扭曲的判断”引起的）的意思是从 1848 年开始的。“古怪的人”的意思，特别是非理性地固执的人，最早记录于 1833 年；有时据说这是来自管风琴的曲柄，这使得它一遍又一遍地演奏相同的曲调；但更有可能的是，它是胡思乱想 (qv) 的反向形成，因此来自一个人有精神“扭曲”的概念。采用“任何预感，任何奢侈作为自然界中的大多数”的人通常不被称为超验主义者，但通俗地称为“曲柄”。 [Oliver W. Holmes, “Ralph Waldo Emerson”] 中古英语中也有一个 crank（形容词），意思是“活泼、轻快、快乐”，但它的起源和联系尚不确定。 “快乐、活泼”的胡思乱想一直延续到 19 世纪。在英格兰北部方言和美国英语中。意思是 1989 年证明的“甲基苯丙胺”，来自动词。相关条目及更多
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