spontaneous
音标：
英音/ spɒnˈteɪniəs / 美音/ spɑːnˈteɪniəs /
听听基本释意：
外刊例句：
But it warned there is a risk if they aren’t spontaneous, and if they become the norm.
但它警告说，如果它们不是自发的，并且成为常态，那么就会存在风险。
—BBC
The first proposes that complex cognitive processing, such as self-reflection and self-awareness, acts as a trigger, while the latter argues blushing is a rapid and spontaneous emotional response.
前者认为复杂的认知过程，例如自我反省和自我意识，可以作为触发因素，而后者则认为脸红是一种快速而自发的情绪反应。
—BBC
But the Western officials said the attacks appeared to be mostly organized by groups of Gazans who were unaffiliated with Hamas, or were the spontaneous acts of desperate civilians.
但西方官员表示，这些袭击似乎主要是由与哈马斯无关的加沙团体组织的，或者是绝望的平民的自发行为。
—New York Times
基本释意：
adjective
said or done without having been planned or written in advance
自发的，非筹划安排的；（程序，事件）自发的，自然的；（人）天真率直的；（生物）（机体活动）本能的
同义词：
ad-lib,unwritten,self-generated
短释义：
If you plan to go to a movie and then you go, that’s not a spontaneous thing. Ditching the movie at the last minute to go to the park? That’s spontaneous. Spontaneous things happen all of a sudden, on the spur of the moment, without being planned. Spontaneous can also refer to things that happen without outside influence. Your parents will be happy if you do your chores spontaneously instead of waiting till they nag you.
当你最意想不到的时候，一些自发的事情就会发生。自发的事情是自然的或本能的，它们的发生没有任何警告。
长释义：
If you plan to go to a movie and then you go, that’s not a spontaneous thing. Ditching the movie at the last minute to go to the park? That’s spontaneous. Spontaneous things happen all of a sudden, on the spur of the moment, without being planned. Spontaneous can also refer to things that happen without outside influence. Your parents will be happy if you do your chores spontaneously instead of waiting till they nag you.
如果你打算去看电影然后就去了，那不是自发的事情。在最后一刻放弃电影去公园？那是自发的。自发的事情突然发生，一时冲动，没有计划。自发也可以指在没有外界影响的情况下发生的事情。如果你自发地做家务而不是等到他们唠叨你，你的父母会很高兴。
文学例句：
It’s my first truly spontaneous smile since the bombing.
这是爆炸发生后我第一次真正自发的微笑。
—Love, Hate & Other Filters by Samira Ahmed
The first time Sandy appeared, running across the stage being chased by the dog catcher, the audience broke into spontaneous applause.
桑迪第一次出场时，被捕狗人追赶着跑过舞台，观众自发掌声雷动。
—The View From Saturday by E.L. Konigsburg
My trust in Estrayen had been more willed than spontaneous; now I believed him completely.
我对埃斯特雷延的信任更多的是出于自愿，而不是出于自发。现在我完全相信他了。
—The Left Hand of Darkness by Ursula K. Le Guin
词源：
spontaneous (adj.)1650s, of actions, “occurring without external stimulus, proceeding from an internal impulse,” from Late Latin spontaneus “willing, of one’s free will,” formed from the Latin phrase (sua) sponte “of one’s own accord, willingly,” from ablative of *spons (attested in the genitive singular, spontis) “will, volition,” a word of uncertain origin. De Vaan writes that some suggest it is from the root of spin (v.), “but this is only based on the similar shape; semantically, this derivation is hard to defend.” Related: Spontaneously; spontaneousness. Earlier was spontaneal (c. 1600), now obsolete.
Of persons, “acting voluntarily and naturally,” by 1732 (Berkeley). It was used earlier of persons and characters, with a sense of “acting of one’s own accord” (c. 1200). Of utterances, by 1856. Spontaneous combustion “a taking fire from conditions inherent in the substance” is attested by 1790 in chemistry. Spontaneous generation “development of living organisms from non-living matter” is attested from 1650s.Related entries & more
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
自发的（形容词）1650年代的行动，“在没有外部刺激的情况下发生，从内部冲动出发”，源自后期拉丁语spontaneus“愿意，一个人的自由意志”，由拉丁语短语（sua）sponte“自己的意愿”组成，自愿地”源自 *spons 的夺格（以所有格单数 spontis 证明）“意志，意志”，一个来源不确定的词。德瓦恩写道，有人认为它来自自旋 (v.) 的根源，“但这只是基于相似的形状；从语义上讲，这种推导很难辩护。”相关：自发地；自发性。早期是自发的（约 1600 年），现在已经过时了。 1732 年，人们“自愿且自然地行动”（伯克利）。它早期用于人物和人物，带有“自愿行事”的意思（约1200年）。到 1856 年，自燃燃烧“从物质固有的条件中取火”这一说法在 1790 年得到了化学的证实。自 1650 年代以来，“从非生命物质发展出生命有机体”的自发生成得到了证实。相关条目及更多
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