pungent
音标：
英音/ ˈpʌndʒənt / 美音/ ˈpʌndʒənt /
听听基本释意：
外刊例句：
Living conditions for the children in the camp are squalid and unsanitary – they play next to piles of rubbish, inhaling the pungent fumes emanating from the thick black streams of open sewage.
营地里孩子们的生活条件肮脏且不卫生——他们在垃圾堆旁边玩耍，吸入露天污水中浓黑的污水流散发出的刺鼻气味。
—BBC
When we inquired about where to find the more pungent, traditional dishes we craved, locals laughed at us.
当我们询问哪里可以找到我们渴望的更辛辣的传统菜肴时，当地人嘲笑我们。
—Washington Post
The chicken at Crispy Gai is reminiscent of Reynolds’s favored Thai street food, brined in a pungent fish sauce and cilantro marinade before it is fried twice, then garnished with sweet fried shallots.
Crispy Gai 的鸡肉让人想起雷诺兹最喜欢的泰国街头食品，先用辛辣的鱼露和香菜腌料腌制，然后油炸两次，然后饰以甜炸青葱。
—Washington Post
基本释意：
adjective
strong and sharp;”the pungent taste of radishes”
辛辣的；刺激性的；刺鼻的；苦痛的；尖刻的
同义词：
acrid,barbed,biting,mordacious,nipping
短释义：
The ultimate source of the word pungent is Latin pungere, “to prick, sting.” Ginger and mustard seed are examples of pungent spices. Limburger cheese has the distinction of being the most pungent of all cheeses. And if your pet has an accident in the house, there may be a pungent odor. And pungent can be used in a figurative sense: pungent language is stimulating and expressive.
使用辛辣来描述给人强烈感觉的味道或气味。 “那股刺鼻的气味是什么？”是暗示房间里有人患有 BO 的礼貌方式。
长释义：
The ultimate source of the word pungent is Latin pungere, “to prick, sting.” Ginger and mustard seed are examples of pungent spices. Limburger cheese has the distinction of being the most pungent of all cheeses. And if your pet has an accident in the house, there may be a pungent odor. And pungent can be used in a figurative sense: pungent language is stimulating and expressive.
“刺鼻”这个词的最终来源是拉丁语 pungere，意思是“刺痛、刺痛”。生姜和芥末籽是辛辣香料的例子。林堡奶酪是所有奶酪中最辛辣的。而且如果你的宠物在家里发生意外，可能会出现刺鼻的气味。刺鼻可以用作比喻意义：刺鼻的语言具有刺激性和表现力。
文学例句：
I was so hungry that the pungent smell of Doritos made me want to hit someone.
我太饿了，多力多滋的刺鼻气味让我想打人。
—The Line Tender by Kate Allen
The sarcasm that had repelled, the harshness that had startled me once, were only like keen condiments in a choice dish: their presence was pungent, but their absence would be felt as comparatively insipid.
曾经令人厌恶的讽刺，曾经让我震惊的严厉，都只是像精选菜肴中的辛辣调味品一样：它们的存在是辛辣的，但它们的缺失却会让人感觉比较平淡。
—Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë
The pungent scent of hot oil hit him as he stopped near the counter.
当他在柜台附近停下来时，热油的刺鼻气味扑面而来。
—Shooting Kabul by N. H. Senzai
词源：
pungent (adj.)1590s, “sharp and painful, poignant, piercing,” originally figurative, of pain or grief, from Latin pungentem (nominative pungens), present participle of pungere “to prick, pierce, sting,” figuratively, “to vex, grieve, trouble, afflict” (from suffixed form of PIE root *peuk- “to prick”). For sense development, compare piquant; sharp (adj.).
Meaning “having powerful odor or taste, sharply affecting the sense of smell” is recorded by 1660s; in reference to writing, etc., “sharply affecting the mind, curt and expressive” is by 1850. The literal sense of “sharp, pointed” (c. 1600) is very rare in English and mostly limited to botany.
Middle English and early Modern English also had a now-obsolete verb punge “to prick, pierce; to smart, cause to sting,” from Latin pungere. Related: Pungently.Related entries & more
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
pungent（形容词）1590年代，“尖锐而痛苦的，尖锐的，刺痛的”，最初是比喻性的，疼痛或悲伤，来自拉丁语pungentem（主格pungens），pungere的现在分词“刺痛，刺穿，刺痛”，象征性地，“到vex、悲伤、麻烦、折磨”（来自 PIE 词根 *peuk-“刺痛”的后缀形式）。为感官发展，比较辛辣；尖锐的（形容词）。 1660年代记录的意思是“具有强烈的气味或味道，强烈影响嗅觉”；在谈到写作等时，“尖锐地影响思想，简短而富有表现力”是在1850年。“尖锐的，尖锐的”（约1600年）的字面意义在英语中非常罕见，并且大多局限于植物学。中古英语和早期现代英语还有一个现已废弃的动词 punge，来自拉丁语 pungere，“刺，刺穿；聪明，导致刺痛”。相关：辛辣。相关条目及更多
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