patronage
音标：
英音/ ˈpætrənɪdʒ / 美音/ ˈpeɪtrənɪdʒ /
听听基本释意：
外刊例句：
This was a man whose first years of adulthood were spent in a St Petersburg jail, but he thrived in the 1990s with catering businesses that brought him wealth and patronage from Mr Putin himself.
这个人的成年岁月是在圣彼得堡的监狱里度过的，但他在 20 世纪 90 年代凭借餐饮生意蓬勃发展，为他带来了财富和普京本人的赞助。
—BBC
The 36-year-old is harnessing her father’s wide patronage network while sticking to the populist message that has resonated with rural, low-income regions of the country.
这位 36 岁的女士正在利用她父亲广泛的支持网络，同时坚持与该国农村、低收入地区产生共鸣的民粹主义信息。
—BBC
It consistently reaps the rewards of a large membership base and strong organisation – though opposition parties claim that patronage and corruption are just as influential.
它始终从庞大的会员基础和强大的组织中获得回报——尽管反对党声称庇护和腐败同样具有影响力。
—BBC
基本释意：
noun
the business given to a commercial establishment by its customers
赞助，资助；（对餐馆、酒店或其他生意的）惠顾，光顾；职位授予权，恩惠给予权；庇护，扶植；恩赐态度；（古罗马）庇护人的权力和职责，庇护人的地位
同义词：
trade,business,clientele,keep going,patronise,patronize,support,backing,backup,championship,condescension,disdain
短释义：
In the days of classical art, composers like Bach or painters like Michelangelo were supported by patrons, whose patronage, or financial support paid the artists’ ways. Patronage is still an important part of our world, but you have to be careful: If your senator is accused of political patronage, people are accusing that senator of exchanging jobs or other favors in return for political support. This is not a good thing.
如果您作为顾客或客户向商店或企业提供支持（财务或其他方面），那么您就是在给予他们惠顾。伟大的慈善家通常因其对艺术的赞助或财政支持而闻名。
长释义：
In the days of classical art, composers like Bach or painters like Michelangelo were supported by patrons, whose patronage, or financial support paid the artists’ ways. Patronage is still an important part of our world, but you have to be careful: If your senator is accused of political patronage, people are accusing that senator of exchanging jobs or other favors in return for political support. This is not a good thing.
在古典艺术时代，像巴赫这样的作曲家或像米开朗基罗这样的画家都受到赞助人的支持，他们的赞助或经济支持支付了艺术家的费用。赞助仍然是我们世界的重要组成部分，但你必须小心：如果你的参议员被指控政治赞助，人们就会指责该参议员交换工作或其他好处以换取政治支持。这不是什么好事。
文学例句：
Nor could dispensers of government patronage merely weigh scientific projects against one another: the cost of high-energy physics had become so great that broader priorities were implicated.
政府资助者也不能仅仅对科学项目进行权衡：高能物理的成本已经变得如此之大，以至于牵涉到更广泛的优先事项。
—Big Science by Michael Hiltzik
“How did you like my reading of the character, gentlemen?” said Mr. Waldengarver, almost, if not quite, with patronage.
“先生们，你们觉得我对这个角色的解读怎么样？”瓦尔登加弗先生说，即使不完全是，也几乎是带着赞助的态度。
—Great Expectations by Charles Dickens
Lawrence thereby presided over a transformation of American science as profound as any change inspired purely by scientific discovery: the launch of peacetime government patronage.
因此，劳伦斯主持了美国科学的一场变革，其意义深远，不亚于纯粹由科学发现引发的任何变革：和平时期政府资助的启动。
—Big Science by Michael Hiltzik
词源：
patronage (n.)late 14c., “right of presenting a qualified person to a church benefice,” from Old French patronage (14c.) from patron “patron, protector” (see patron) and directly from Medieval Latin patronagium. Secular sense of “action of giving influential support; aid offered by a patron or patrons” is from 1550s. General sense of “power to give jobs or favors, control of appointments to positions in public service,” is from 1769; meaning “regular business of customers” is by 1804.Related entries & more
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
patronage (n.)late 14c.，“将合格的人推荐给教会的权利”，源自古法语的 patronage (14c.)，来自赞助人“赞助人，保护者”（见赞助人），直接源自中世纪拉丁语的赞助人。世俗意义上的“给予有影响力的支持的行动；由一个或多个赞助人提供的援助”是从 1550 年代开始的。一般意义上的“提供工作或优惠的权力，控制公共服务职位的任命”是从 1769 年开始的；意思是“客户的常规业务”是 1804 年。相关条目及更多
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