presume
音标：
英音/ prɪˈzjuːm / 美音/ prɪˈzuːm /
听听基本释意：
外刊例句：
While most of those disappeared by the military decades ago are presumed dead, survivors of Operation Condor have been able to provide information about how the military regimes operated.
虽然几十年前被军方失踪的大多数人被认为已经死亡，但秃鹰行动的幸存者已经能够提供有关军事政权如何运作的信息。
—BBC
The two victims, Josh Mason, 26, and Mason Neises, 23, were missing until 6 p.m., when one of the bodies was found, leading authorities to presume the death of the other.
两名受害者，26 岁的乔什·梅森 (Josh Mason) 和 23 岁的梅森·奈斯 (Mason Neises) 一直失踪，直到下午 6 点才发现其中一具尸体，当局推测另一具尸体已死亡。
—Washington Times
“He got two hammers out of the toolbox and put them in the kitchen. And he had a knife in his hand, which I presume he used to cut all the telephone wires,” she said.
“他从工具箱里拿出两把锤子，把它们放在厨房里。他手里拿着一把刀，我猜他用这把刀剪断了所有的电话线，”她说。
—BBC
基本释意：
verb
take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof
料想，（不肯定地）认为；假设，设想；（法律上或官方）假定，推定；擅自，冒昧；意味着；<正式>擅作主张，冒昧
同义词：
assume,take for granted,dare,make bold
短释义：
To presume is to take something for granted. The famous quote “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?” comes from the explorer Henry Morton Stanley, who ran into the explorer David Livingstone in the wilds of Africa in 1871. It’s funny because these were the only two white men known to be in that part of Africa at the time.
如果你假设某件事，这意味着在所有证据出现之前你就表现得好像它是真的。如果你被认为是最快的跑步者，请不要太自大——这个词意味着你还没有真正参加过比赛。
长释义：
To presume is to take something for granted. The famous quote “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?” comes from the explorer Henry Morton Stanley, who ran into the explorer David Livingstone in the wilds of Africa in 1871. It’s funny because these were the only two white men known to be in that part of Africa at the time.
假设就是认为某事是理所当然的。著名的名言“Dr.我猜是利文斯通吧？”来自探险家亨利·莫顿·斯坦利 (Henry Morton Stanley)，他于 1871 年在非洲的荒野中遇到了探险家大卫·利文斯通 (David Livingstone)。这很有趣，因为这是当时已知在非洲那个地区的仅有的两个白人。
文学例句：
And also ashamed, because why would I presume any differently?
我也感到羞愧，因为为什么我会做出不同的假设呢？
—Odd One Out by Nic Stone
This is more difficult than generally presumed, particularly after a person has been dead for several days.
这比通常认为的要困难得多，特别是在一个人死了几天之后。
—Killers of the Flower Moon by David Grann
How could anyone presume to know the world through the eyes of an insect?
怎么会有人通过昆虫的眼睛来认识世界呢？
—Atonement by Ian McEwan
词源：
presume (v.)late 14c., presumen, “to take upon oneself, to take liberty,” also “to take for granted, believe or accept upon probable evidence, presuppose,” especially overconfidently, from Old French presumer (12c.) and directly from Latin praesumere “anticipate,” in Late Latin, “assume,” from prae “before” (see pre-) + sumere “to take, obtain, buy,” from sus‑, variant of sub‑ “up from under” + emere “to take” (from PIE root *em- “to take, distribute”).
To presume is to base a tentative or provisional opinion on such knowledge as one has, to be held until it is modified or overthrown by further information. [Century Dictionary]
The intransitive sense of “to venture beyond the limits of ordinary license or propriety” and that of “to press forward presumptuously” are from early 15c. Related: Presumed; presumedly; presuming; presumingly.Related entries & more
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
presume (v.)late 14c., presumen，“承担自己，采取自由”，也“认为理所当然，相信或接受可能的证据，预设”，特别是过度自信，来自古法语 presumer (12c.)直接源自拉丁语 praesumere “预期”，晚期拉丁语中的“假定”源自 prae “之前”（见 pre-）+ sumere “采取、获得、购买”，源自 sus-，sub- 的变体“从下往上” ” + emere “获取”（来自 PIE 根 *em- “获取、分发”）。假设是基于一个人所掌握的知识而提出的暂定或临时意见，并保留到该意见被进一步信息修改或推翻为止。 [世纪词典] “冒险超越普通许可或礼节的范围”和“冒昧地推进”的不及物意义来自15世纪早期。相关：推测；推测；假设；据推测。相关条目及更多
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