redundant
音标：
英音/ rɪˈdʌndənt / 美音/ rɪˈdʌndənt /
听听基本释意：
外刊例句：
Ms Thomas, who was made redundant while on maternity leave, said the cost of daily childcare since having Avery had risen by £12.
休产假期间被解雇的托马斯女士表示，自从有了艾弗里以来，日常育儿费用增加了 12 英镑。
—BBC
A window and door firm has made about 680 of its workers redundant after it fell into administration.
一家门窗公司在破产后已裁掉约 680 名员工。
—BBC
“The decision was made to to close the site here in November last year, everybody was made redundant – the factory closed and the business stopped,” he said.
“去年 11 月决定关闭这里的工厂，每个人都被裁员——工厂关闭，业务停止，”他说。
—BBC
基本释意：
adjective
more than is needed, desired, or required
<英> 被解雇的，被裁员的；多余的，累赘的；（为预防机器或系统中主要组件故障而设的）复置装置的，备用的
同义词：
excess,extra,spare,supererogatory,superfluous,supernumerary,surplus,pleonastic,tautologic,tautological
短释义：
Teachers often tell students to avoid being redundant — meaning avoid saying something twice or more. Have you ever heard someone tell a story and repeat the same thing over and over? The repeated parts are redundant. Sometimes being redundant can make things clear, but it can also be annoying. Redundant can apply to anything that’s overflowing or unnecessary. If a business has two stores on the same street, one is redundant. When you hear redundant, think “Too much!”
冗余这个词适用于不必要或可以省略的事情。称一张白纸为空是多余的。
长释义：
Teachers often tell students to avoid being redundant — meaning avoid saying something twice or more. Have you ever heard someone tell a story and repeat the same thing over and over? The repeated parts are redundant. Sometimes being redundant can make things clear, but it can also be annoying. Redundant can apply to anything that’s overflowing or unnecessary. If a business has two stores on the same street, one is redundant. When you hear redundant, think “Too much!”
老师经常告诉学生要避免多余——意思是避免说两次或多次。您是否曾听过有人讲故事并一遍又一遍地重复同一件事？重复的部分是多余的。有时候，多余的东西可以让事情变得清晰，但也可能很烦人。冗余可以应用于任何溢出或不必要的东西。如果一家企业在同一条街上有两家商店，那么其中一家就是多余的。当你听到冗余时，想一想“太多了！”
文学例句：
I had safeguard after redundant safeguard in place to prevent detection.
我设置了一个又一个的冗余防护措施来防止被发现。
—Burning Blue by Paul Griffin
But the sound was unmistakable, and when Harrison shouted, “Enemy plane, sah!” his words felt redundant.
但声音是明确无误的，当哈里森喊道：“敌机，啊！”他的话感觉多余。
—Half of a Yellow Sun by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
The two gallons of pop had me squirming in my seat for the last sixty minutes of redundant nonsense, and I practically sprinted to the can when the film finally collapsed.
两加仑的汽水让我在座位上蠕动了最后六十分钟多余的废话，当电影最终崩溃时，我几乎冲向罐子。
—Anthem of a Reluctant Prophet by Joanne Proulx
词源：
redundant (adj.)”superfluous, exceeding what is natural or necessary,” c. 1600, from Latin redundantem (nominative redundans), present participle of redundare, literally “overflow, pour over; be over-full;” figuratively “be in excess,” from re- “again” (see re-) + undare “rise in waves,” from unda “a wave” (from PIE *unda-, nasalized form of root *wed- (1) “water; wet”).
Also sometimes in 17c. in a more positive sense, “abounding to excess or fullness, exuberant, plentiful,” e.g. in “Paradise Lost,” though what he meant by it here is anyone’s guess:
With burnished neck of verdant gold, erect
Amidst his circling spires that on the grass
Floated redundant.
Of persons, in employment situations by 1928, chiefly British. Related: Redundantly. As a verb, redund has been tried at least once (1904); the etymological corresponding verb is the Frenchified redound.Related entries & more
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
多余的（形容词）“多余的，超出自然或必要的” c． 1600，源自拉丁语redundare（主格redundans），redundare的现在分词，字面意思是“溢出，倾倒；溢出；”比喻性地“过度”，来自 re-“再次”（参见 re-）+ undare“波浪中的上升”，来自 unda“波浪”（来自 PIE *unda-，根 *wed- (1) 的鼻化形式）水；湿”）。有时也出现在 17c 中。在更积极的意义上，“充满过剩或丰满，生机勃勃，充足”，例如在“失乐园”中，尽管他在这里的意思是任何人的猜测：带着青翠的金光闪闪的脖子，直立在他盘旋的尖顶中间草飘浮多余。到 1928 年，处于就业状态的人中，主要是英国人。相关：冗余。作为动词，redund 至少被尝试过一次（1904 年）；词源对应的动词是法语化的 redound。相关条目及更多
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