abstain
音标：
美音：/əbˈsteɪn/，英音：/əbˈsteɪn/
听听基本释意：
外刊例句：
Mr. Menendez said the Russian Embassy in Washington is holding cocktail parties that draw in diplomats from Southern Hemisphere countries that then oppose or abstain from resolutions that support Ukraine.
梅嫩德斯表示，俄罗斯驻华盛顿大使馆正在举办鸡尾酒会，吸引南半球国家的外交官参加，然后反对或放弃支持乌克兰的决议。
—Washington Times
Ceccarelli explained that Romans traditionally abstained from meat throughout the period of Lent — a substantial block of tripe-free days for a population so under its spell.
切卡雷利解释说，罗马人传统上在四旬斋期间不吃肉——对于受四旬斋影响的人们来说，这是一段没有牛肚的日子。
—Washington Post
More than a dozen African countries have abstained from United Nations votes to condemn Russia or to call for its withdrawal from Ukraine, with a handful voting in support of Moscow.
十多个非洲国家在联合国谴责俄罗斯或呼吁从乌克兰撤军的投票中投了弃权票，少数国家投票支持莫斯科。
—New York Times
基本释意：
verb
choose not to partake in or consume
v. 弃权，不投票；戒除，抑制；离开，回避
同义词：
desist,refrain
短释义：
Roots of the word abstain are from the 14th-century French, “to withhold oneself,” and the word often refers to people who hold themselves back from indulging in habits that are bad for them, physically or morally. Abstain can also mean to withhold a vote, and sometimes a difficult decision is stalled when government representatives abstain from voting one way or another.
如果你戒掉某样东西，你就会克制自己不消费它。人们通常会避免那些被认为是恶习的事情——比如每天午餐吃炸薯条。
长释义：
Roots of the word abstain are from the 14th-century French, “to withhold oneself,” and the word often refers to people who hold themselves back from indulging in habits that are bad for them, physically or morally. Abstain can also mean to withhold a vote, and sometimes a difficult decision is stalled when government representatives abstain from voting one way or another.
“abstain”这个词的词根来自 14 世纪的法语，意思是“克制自己”，这个词通常指那些阻止自己沉迷于对身体或道德有害的习惯的人。弃权也可能意味着保留投票，有时，当政府代表以某种方式弃权时，一项艰难的决定就会陷入停滞。
文学例句：
Those who I do still see from time to time usually choose to abstain when we’re together.
那些我仍然时不时见到的人通常会在我们在一起时选择弃权。
—Nobody likes a quitter by ???
It was also a way for the group to stay accountable to their stated mission of abstaining from calories, especially as the hunger strike wore on.
这也是该组织履行其既定的戒断卡路里使命的一种方式，尤其是在绝食抗议持续下去的情况下。
—No justice, no feast: How hunger strikers are keeping the protest over Breonna Taylor’s death alive by Ashlie D. Stevens
My treatment team advised me to abstain from all exercise until my weight was stable and the worst urges to compulsively exercise eventually passed.
我的治疗团队建议我放弃所有运动，直到我的体重稳定并且强迫运动的最坏冲动最终过去。
—Exercising my demons by ???
词源：
abstain (v.)late 14c., “avoid (something); refrain (oneself) from; keep free from sin or vice; live austerely, practice abstinence or asceticism; be sexually continent,” from Old French abstiner, abstenir (14c.), earlier astenir (13c.) “hold (oneself) back, refrain voluntarily, abstain (from what satisfies the passions), practice abstinence,” from Latin abstinere “withhold, keep back, keep off,” from assimilated form of ab “off, away from” (see ab-) + tenere “to hold” (from PIE root *ten- “to stretch”). Specifically of liquor from late 14c. Meaning “refrain from voting” is from 1796. Related: Abstained; abstaining.Related entries & more
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
禁欲（v.）晚期14c.，“避免（某事）；克制（自己）；远离罪恶或恶习；生活简朴，实行禁欲或禁欲主义；性欲节制”，来自古法语abstiner，abstenir（14c.） ），早期的 astenir（13c.）“抑制（自己）退缩，自愿克制，放弃（满足激情的事物），实行禁欲”，来自拉丁语abstinere“保留，保留，阻止”，来自 ab 的同化形式“ off，远离”（参见 ab-）+ tenere “保持”（来自 PIE 根 *ten- “伸展”）。特别是 14 世纪末的酒。 “避免投票”的意思源自 1796 年。弃权。相关条目及更多
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