speculation
音标：
英音/ ˌspekjuˈleɪʃ(ə)n / 美音/ ˌspekjuˈleɪʃ(ə)n /
听听基本释意：
外刊例句：
Whenever she’s dropped new music in the past it’s sparked speculation about who her lyrics are aimed at.
每当她过去推出新音乐时，都会引发人们猜测她的歌词是针对谁的。
—BBC
Rising costs have led to speculation that the Birmingham to Manchester leg of the high speed line will be axed.
成本上升导致人们猜测伯明翰至曼彻斯特的高速线路将被砍掉。
—BBC
The lack of answers about the crash so far has also sparked speculation.
迄今为止，坠机事件缺乏答案也引发了猜测。
—Washington Times
基本释意：
noun
continuous and profound contemplation or musing on a subject or series of subjects of a deep or abstruse nature
投机，投机买卖；猜测，推测，推断
同义词：
meditation,conjecture,conjecture,guess,hypothesis,supposition,surmisal,surmise,venture
短释义：
When people predict who will win a football game, an Oscar, or an election, it’s speculation: people are looking at the facts and making their best guess. Just about anything you say about the future is speculation, because no one knows what will happen. The word is used in the stock market for such financial dealings as “buying on spec,” a risky way to make money. Sometimes, this word means something close to meditation — pondering something deeply.
当你猜测某件事将如何出现（或它如何发生）时，这就是猜测。你正在做出有根据的猜测。
长释义：
When people predict who will win a football game, an Oscar, or an election, it’s speculation: people are looking at the facts and making their best guess. Just about anything you say about the future is speculation, because no one knows what will happen. The word is used in the stock market for such financial dealings as “buying on spec,” a risky way to make money. Sometimes, this word means something close to meditation — pondering something deeply.
当人们预测谁将赢得一场足球比赛、奥斯卡奖或选举时，这只是猜测：人们会根据事实做出最佳猜测。你所说的关于未来的任何事情都是猜测，因为没有人知道会发生什么。这个词在股票市场上用于诸如“按规格购买”之类的金融交易，这是一种有风险的赚钱方式。有时，这个词的意思接近于冥想——深入思考某件事。
文学例句：
It was not until the time of Louis Pasteur, two centuries later, that Huygens’ speculation was proved correct.
直到两个世纪后的路易斯·巴斯德时代，惠更斯的推测才被证明是正确的。
—Cosmos by Carl Sagan
It’s full of speculation about the queen’s toilette-box allotments and new beauty laws.
书中充满了关于女王的盥洗室分配和新美容法的猜测。
—The Belles by Dhonielle Clayton
Every class change, the babble of speculation in the halls gets a little bit louder, and the teachers look a little bit more desperate.
每换一个班级，教室里的议论声就会大一点，老师们的表情也会更加绝望。
—Linked by Gordon Korman
词源：
speculation (n.)late 14c., speculacioun, “intelligent contemplation, consideration; act of looking,” from Old French speculacion “close observation, rapt attention,” and directly from Late Latin speculationem (nominative speculatio) “contemplation, observation, a spying out,” noun of action from speculatus, past participle of Latin speculari “observe,” from specere “to look at, view” (from PIE root *spek- “to observe”).
The meaning “pursuit of the truth by means of thinking” is from mid-15c. The disparaging sense of “mere conjecture” is recorded from 1570s. (In Middle English it also could mean “theory as opposed to practice.”) The meaning “buying and selling in search of profit from rise and fall of market value” is recorded from 1774; the short form spec in this sense is attested from 1794.
Protestant clergy were at least as bigoted as Catholic ecclesiastics, nevertheless there soon came to be much more liberty of speculation in Protestant than in Catholic countries, because in Protestant countries the clergy had less power. The important aspect of Protestantism was schism, not heresy, for schism led to national Churches were not strong enough to control the lay government. This was wholly a gain, for the Churches, everywhere, opposed as long as they could practically every invention that made for an increase of happiness or knowledge here on earth. [Bertrand Russell, “A History of Western Philosophy,” 1945]
Related entries & more
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
推测 (n.)late 14c.,speculacioun，“智能沉思，考虑；观看的行为”，源自古法语推测“密切观察，全神贯注”，并直接源自后期拉丁语推测em（主格推测）“沉思，观察，a窥探”，来自speculatus的行动名词，拉丁语speculari“观察”的过去分词，来自specere“看，查看”（来自PIE根*spek-“观察”）。 “通过思考追求真理”的意思是从15世纪中期开始的。 “纯粹猜想”的贬义感是从1570年代开始记录的。 （在中古英语中，它也可能意味着“与实践相反的理论”。）“为了从市场价值的涨跌中获取利润而进行买卖”的含义记录自 1774 年；从1794年起，这种意义上的简短规范就得到了证实。新教神职人员至少和天主教神职人员一样偏执，但很快新教国家的投机自由就比天主教国家大得多，因为在新教国家，神职人员的权力较小。 。新教的重要方面是分裂，而不是异端，因为分裂导致国家教会不够强大，无法控制世俗政府。对于世界各地的教会来说，这完全是一种收获，只要他们能够反对几乎所有有助于增加地球上的幸福或知识的发明。 [伯特兰·罗素，《西方哲学史》，1945 年] 相关条目及更多
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