gravel
音标：
美音：/ˈɡræv(ə)l/，英音：/ˈɡræv(ə)l/
听听基本释意：
外刊例句：
Olympic mountain bike champion Pidcock used his fine descending skills to hold off his rivals in the race containing 11 sections of white gravel roads in Tuscany.
奥运会山地自行车冠军皮德科克在托斯卡纳11段白色碎石路的比赛中，凭借出色的下坡技巧击败了对手。
—BBC
“Farmers would be left wondering whether artificially irrigated areas remain exempt or not. Construction crews would be left wondering whether their water-filled gravel pits remain exempt or not.”
“农民们会想知道人工灌溉地区是否仍然可以豁免。施工人员会想知道他们的充满水的砾石坑是否仍然可以豁免。”
—New York Times
The town of McHenry sits on a crosshatch of gravel roads etched into an undulating plain of wheat and soybean farms and Angus cattle ranches.
麦克亨利镇坐落在一片交错的碎石路上，蜿蜒起伏的平原上有小麦、大豆农场和安格斯牧场。
—New York Times
基本释意：
noun
rock fragments and pebbles
n. 碎石，砂砾；（用于铺路及用作三合土的）砂砾；砂砾层；（医）尿砂
同义词：
crushed rock,annoy,bother,chafe,devil,get at,get to,irritate,nark,nettle,rag,rile,vex,amaze,baffle,beat,bewilder,dumbfound,flummox,get,mystify,nonplus,perplex,pose,puzzle,stick,stupefy,vex
短释义：
Roads, paths, walkways, and yards are all sometimes paved with gravel, which is a relatively inexpensive material to use for marking areas and preventing the growth of weeds and other plants. Gravel is more rough and rocky than sand, and smaller than stones. The word gravel comes from the French word gravele, “gravel or sand,” which in turn comes from grave, “seashore or sand.” The ultimate Proto-Indo-European root may be ghreu, “to rub or grind.”
砾石是非常小的、不规则的岩石和石头块。当您走向邮箱时，碎石车道可能会在您的靴子下嘎吱作响。
长释义：
Roads, paths, walkways, and yards are all sometimes paved with gravel, which is a relatively inexpensive material to use for marking areas and preventing the growth of weeds and other plants. Gravel is more rough and rocky than sand, and smaller than stones. The word gravel comes from the French word gravele, “gravel or sand,” which in turn comes from grave, “seashore or sand.” The ultimate Proto-Indo-European root may be ghreu, “to rub or grind.”
道路、小径、人行道和庭院有时都用砾石铺成，这是一种相对便宜的材料，可用于标记区域并防止杂草和其他植物的生长。砾石比沙子更粗糙、更坚硬，而且比石头更小。砾石一词源自法语“gravele”，意为“砾石或沙子”，而后者又源自“grave”，意为“海滨或沙子”。原始印欧语的最终词根可能是 ghreu，“摩擦或研磨”。
文学例句：
The gravel road was getting narrower as we approached the bottom of the hill.
当我们接近山脚时，碎石路越来越窄。
—A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier by Ishmael Beah
He moved back to the desk, intending to try the drawers, but with the heavy expectation of failure; and as he did so, he heard the faint crunch of tires on gravel.
他走回办公桌前，打算尝试一下抽屉，但又怀着失败的强烈预期。当他这样做时，他听到轮胎在碎石上发出微弱的嘎吱声。
—The Subtle Knife by Philip Pullman
At the hospital, Finn was poked, prodded, X-rayed, plucked free of embedded gravel, rubbed down with stinging antiseptic, and swaddled in bandages.
在医院里，芬恩被戳、戳、拍X光、拔掉嵌入的砾石、用刺痛的消毒剂擦拭，然后用绷带包裹。
—Bone Gap by Laura Ruby
词源：
gravel (n.)”stone in small, irregular fragments,” early 13c., from Old French gravele “sand, gravel; sea-shore; sandy bed of a river,” diminutive of grave “sand, seashore” (Modern French grève), possibly from Celtic *graw- (compare Welsh gro “coarse gravel,” Breton grouan, Cornish grow “gravel”), perhaps ultimately from PIE *ghreu- “to rub, grind” (see grit (n.)). Gravel-crusher was World War I slang for “infantryman.”Related entries & more
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
砾石 (n.)“小而不规则的碎片中的石头”，13世纪早期，源自古法语gravel“沙子，砾石；海岸；河床的沙床”，坟墓的缩写词“沙子，海岸”（现代法语 grève ），可能源自凯尔特语 *graw-（比较威尔士语 gro“粗砾石”，布列塔尼语 grouan，康沃尔语生长“砾石”），也许最终源自 PIE *ghreu-“摩擦，研磨”（参见 grit (n.)）。碎石机是第一次世界大战时的俚语，意为“步兵”。相关条目及更多内容
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