thug
音标：
美音：/θʌɡ/，英音：/θʌɡ/
听听基本释意：
外刊例句：
“They masquerade as defenders of information, but we all know that they’re just authoritarian thugs,” he said.
“他们伪装成信息捍卫者，但我们都知道他们只是专制暴徒，”他说。
—Washington Times
In 1974, Chavez went so far as to dispatch 300 thugs to establish a “wet line” near Yuma, Arizona.
1974年，查韦斯甚至派出300名暴徒在亚利桑那州尤马附近建立“防线”。
—Washington Times
The BBC has confirmed the authenticity of some of these videos and BBC journalists arrived at a polling unit in Lagos just as thugs disrupted the voting process.
BBC 已经证实了其中一些视频的真实性，BBC 记者在暴徒扰乱投票过程时抵达拉各斯的一个投票站。
—BBC
基本释意：
noun
an aggressive and violent young criminal
n. 暴徒；恶棍；刺客
同义词：
goon,hood,hoodlum,punk,strong-armer,tough,toughie
短释义：
It’s hard to reason with thugs, since they’d rather intimidate and physically hurt people than talk. A playground bully is one kind of thug, and an armed robber is an even more dangerous one. The noun thug may have its oldest roots in the Sanskrit word sthaga-s, “cunning or fraudulent,” and it’s definitely related to the Marathi and Hindi thag, “cheat or swindler.” The earliest use of thug, from 1810, was “member of a murdering gang of robbers in India.”
暴徒是坏人或恶霸，尤其是暴力的。暴徒可能会闯入某人的房子，将其主人推来推去，并偷走他们的电视。
长释义：
It’s hard to reason with thugs, since they’d rather intimidate and physically hurt people than talk. A playground bully is one kind of thug, and an armed robber is an even more dangerous one. The noun thug may have its oldest roots in the Sanskrit word sthaga-s, “cunning or fraudulent,” and it’s definitely related to the Marathi and Hindi thag, “cheat or swindler.” The earliest use of thug, from 1810, was “member of a murdering gang of robbers in India.”
很难与暴徒讲道理，因为他们宁愿恐吓和伤害别人也不愿说话。操场上的恶霸是一种暴徒，持枪劫匪是一种更危险的暴徒。名词暴徒可能起源于梵语单词 sthaga-s，“狡猾或欺诈”，它肯定与马拉地语和印地语 thag，“骗子或骗子”有关。最早使用 thug 一词的是 1810 年的“印度强盗团伙的成员”。
文学例句：
They were thugs and riffraff, deputized at the whim of industrial corporations in the valley.
他们是暴徒和地痞流氓，受山谷中工业公司心血来潮的支配。
—Fannie Never Flinched by Mary Cronk Farrell
Nailer scanned the arrayed thugs, recognizing some of the killers that his father ran with.
奈勒扫视着排列整齐的暴徒，认出了一些与他父亲一起跑的杀手。
—Ship Breaker by Paolo Bacigalupi
You’d find the freelance thugs pushing off for rebounds, and the A students, quietly showing off silky jump shots and then running back downcourt eyes down, trying not to look too pleased with themselves.
你会发现自由打手为了抢篮板而争抢，而优等生则安静地炫耀丝般的跳投，然后低着头跑回场下，尽量不要让自己看起来太高兴。
—The Other Wes Moore: One Name, Two Fates by Wes Moore
词源：
thug (n.)1810, “member of a gang of murderers and robbers in India who strangled their victims,” from Marathi thag, thak “cheat, swindler,” Hindi thag, perhaps from Sanskrit sthaga-s “cunning, fraudulent,” from sthagayati “(he) covers, conceals,” from PIE root *(s)teg- “to cover.”The thugs roamed about the country in bands of from 10 to 100, usually in the disguise of peddlers or pilgrims, gaining the confidence of other travelers, whom they strangled, when a favorable opportunity presented itself, with a handkerchief, an unwound turban, or a noosed cord. The shedding of blood was seldom resorted to. The motive of the thugs was not so much lust of plunder as a certain religious fanaticism. The bodies of their victims were hidden in graves dug with a consecrated pickax, and of their spoil one third was devoted to the goddess Kali, whom they worshiped. [Century Dictionary]The more correct Indian name is phanseegur (from phansi “noose”), and the activity was described in English as far back as c. 1665. Rigorously prosecuted by the British from 1831, they were driven from existence by century’s end. Transferred sense of “ruffian, cutthroat, violent lowbrow” is from 1839.Related entries & more
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
thug (n.)1810，“印度一伙杀害受害者的杀人犯和强盗的成员”，来自马拉地语 thag，thak“骗子，骗子”，印地语 thag，可能来自梵语 sthaga-s“狡猾、欺诈”来自 sthagayati “（他）掩盖，隐藏” 来自 PIE 词根 *(s)teg- “掩盖”。暴徒以 10 到 100 人的规模在全国各地游荡，通常伪装成小贩或朝圣者，获得其他旅行者的信任，当一个有利的机会出现时，他们用手帕、未缠绕的头巾或绳索勒死他们。很少诉诸流血。暴徒的动机与其说是掠夺欲望，不如说是某种宗教狂热。他们的受害者的尸体被藏在用神圣的镐挖掘的坟墓中，三分之一的战利品献给了他们崇拜的女神卡利。 [世纪词典] 更正确的印度名字是 phanseegur（来自 phansi“绞索”），该活动早在公元 3 世纪就有英文描述。 1665 年。从 1831 年起，他们受到英国人的严厉起诉，到世纪末，他们被驱逐出境。 “ruffian、cutthroat、violent lowbrow”的迁移含义来自 1839 年。相关条目及更多
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