spur
音标：
美音：/spɜːr/，英音：/spɜː(r)/
听听基本释意：
外刊例句：
Israel’s Supreme Court rejected an appeal of the decision, but the move has spurred condemnation from international human rights organizations.
以色列最高法院驳回了对该决定的上诉，但此举引发了国际人权组织的谴责。
—Washington Post
Mr. Biden said that the goal was not to “create political obligation or foster dependence” but to “spur shared success,” a phrase he said characterized his approach.
拜登先生说，目标不是“创造政治义务或培养依赖性”，而是“促进共同成功”，他说这句话是他的做法的特点。
—New York Times
The tragedy spurred an outpouring of demand for tighter gun control.
这场悲剧激起了对加强枪支管制的强烈要求。
—BBC
基本释意：
美国NBA球队马刺队应该都听过吧？
noun
a prod fixed to a rider’s heel and used to urge a horse onward
n. 一时冲动之下，心血来潮；刺激，激励；山嘴，尖坡；（公路或铁路的）支线，岔线；马刺，靴刺
同义词：
gad,acantha,spine,branch line,spur track,goad,goad,goading,prod,prodding,spurring,urging
短释义：
To spur something on is to get it going, to encourage it, to hasten it or stimulate. Cowboys wear spiky metal tools called spurs on their boots to kick their horses and spur them to greater speed.
刺激某事就是让它继续下去，鼓励它，加速它或刺激它。牛仔们在他们的靴子上穿上尖刺的金属工具，称为马刺，用来踢马并刺激他们加快速度。
长释义：
Economists talk of lowering interest rates to spur spending. A new source of funding for research will hopefully spur new proposals for research from scientists. An earthquake in China might spur cities in California to a higher standard of earthquake preparedness. You might spur your team on to victory by cheering from the sidelines.
经济学家谈论降低利率以刺激支出。新的研究资金来源有望激发科学家提出新的研究建议。中国发生地震可能会促使加利福尼亚州的城市提高地震准备标准。您可以通过在场边欢呼来激励您的团队取得胜利。
文学例句：
On the spur of the moment, Matilda decided that the one person she would like to confide in was Miss Honey.
一时兴起，玛蒂尔达决定她最想倾诉的人就是霍尼小姐。
—Matilda by Roald Dahl
He spurred Smiler and followed at a trot, but what he found was only the carcass of a young elk . . . or what remained of it.
他催促斯迈勒，小跑着跟了上去，却发现的只是一具幼年麋鹿的尸体。 . .或者剩下的。
—A Clash of Kings by George R.R. Martin
I mean, he wasn’t dirty, didn’t have on spurs or cowhide chaps or a red bandanna around his neck, and didn’t carry a lasso.
我的意思是，他不脏，没有马刺或牛皮裤，脖子上没有红色大手帕，也没有带套索。
—Cold Sassy Tree by Olive Ann Burns
词源：
spur (n.)Old English spura, spora "metal implement worn on the heel to goad a horse" (related to spurnan "to kick"), from Proto-Germanic spuron (source also of Old Norse spori, Middle Dutch spore, Dutch spoor, Old High German sporo, German Sporn "spur"), from PIE spere- "ankle" (see spurn). Related to Dutch spoor, Old English spor "track, footprint, trace."Generalized sense of "anything that urges on, stimulus," is from late 14c. As a sharp projection on the leg of a cock, from 1540s. Meaning "a ridge projecting off a mountain mass" is recorded from 1650s. Of railway lines from 1837. "Widely extended senses … are characteristic of a horsey race" [Weekley]. Expression on the spur of the moment (1801) preserves archaic phrase on the spur "in great haste" (1520s). To win one’s spurs is to gain knighthood by some valorous act, gilded spurs being the distinctive mark of a knight.
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
spur (n.)古英语 spura，spora“穿在脚后跟上用来刺激马的金属器具”（与 spurnan“踢”有关），来自原始日耳曼语 spuron（也源自古挪威语 spori，中古荷兰语 spore，荷兰语 spoor，古高地德语 sporo，德语 Sporn“spur”），源自 PIE spere-“ankle”（见 spurn）。与荷兰语 spoor 相关，古英语 spor “track、footprint、trace”。“任何催促、刺激”的广义含义来自 14c 后期。作为公鸡腿上的尖锐投影，从 1540 年代开始。从 1650 年代开始记录，意思是“突出山体的山脊”。 1837 年的铁路线。“广泛延伸的感官……是赛马的特征”[Weekley]。一时兴起的表达（1801 年）保留了“匆忙中”（1520 年代）上的古老短语。赢得马刺就是通过一些英勇的行为获得骑士头衔，镀金的马刺是骑士的独特标志。
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