roast
音标：
美音：/roʊst/，英音：/rəʊst/
听听基本释意：
外刊例句：
She also recommends serving the rich, meaty stew with cauliflower rice, grain-free noodles or roasted potatoes.
她还建议用花椰菜米饭、无谷物面条或烤土豆搭配浓郁的炖肉。
—Washington Post
Make Ahead: The squash can be roasted in advance and refrigerated for up to 3 days.
提前做好：南瓜可以提前烘烤并冷藏最多 3 天。
—Washington Post
“A 3.5-4 litres air fryer basket would fit a one pound loaf tin in. So, you could at least make a small nut roast.”
“一个 3.5-4 升的空气炸锅篮可以装下一个 1 磅的面包罐。所以，你至少可以做一个小的坚果烤肉。”
—BBC
基本释意：
verb
cook with dry heat, usually in an oven
v. 炙，烘（食物，尤指肉）；<非正式> 严厉批评，斥责；<美， 非正式> 和善地戏弄；<非正式> （尤指通过暴露在太阳下或炉火前）使受热发烫；以火刑折磨；烘干，烘焙（食品原料，金属矿等）；焙，炒（坚果、豆子等）；变热
同义词：
roasted,joint,blackguard,guy,jest at,laugh at,make fun,poke fun,rib,ridicule,knock
短释义：
Roast a turkey by cooking it in the oven. Roast a friend by calling her a turkey on her birthday. To roast can mean to cook, or to poke fun of someone as a way of honoring them.
在烤箱中烤火鸡。在她生日那天称她为火鸡来烤她的朋友。烤可以意味着做饭，或者取笑某人作为一种尊重他们的方式。
长释义：
In cooking, slow, dry heat is used to roast things. When a cook roasts a piece of meat, you can call the meat itself a roast too. Another way to use this word is to mean “to make fun of someone,” like a toast but meaner and funnier. Comedians are known to roast each other, telling one joke after another mocking the person they’re celebrating. This comes from an eighteenth century use of roast to mean "an unmerciful bantering."
在烹饪中，缓慢的干热用于烤东西。当厨师烤一块肉时，你也可以称肉本身为烤肉。这个词的另一种用法是表示“取笑某人”，就像敬酒一样，但更刻薄、更有趣。众所周知，喜剧演员会互相吐槽，讲一个又一个笑话来嘲笑他们正在庆祝的人。这来自 18 世纪使用 roast 来表示“无情的玩笑”。
文学例句：
The table was piled high with food: matzah, roast beef, hard- boiled eggs, goblets of deep red wine.
桌子上堆满了食物：无酵饼、烤牛肉、煮鸡蛋、几杯深红酒。
—The Devil’s Arithmetic by Jane Yolen
It sounds farfetched, but like a roast forsaken in the oven or a rescheduled dental appointment, childbirth is one of those minor details that tends to slip the minds of most soap opera characters.
这听起来有些牵强，但就像被遗弃在烤箱中的烤肉或重新安排的牙科预约一样，分娩是大多数肥皂剧角色往往会忘记的细节之一。
—Me Talk Pretty One Day by David Sedaris
I, the only daughter, usually get roasted chicken, dried bamboo soup, and all-I-can-eat pudding.
我是独生女，平时吃的是烤鸡、竹笋汤、布丁吃到饱。
—Inside Out and Back Again by Thanhha Lai
词源：
roast (v.)late 13c., rosten, "to cook (meat, fish, etc.) by dry heat," from Old French rostir "to roast, burn" (Modern French rôtir), from Frankish hraustjan (cognate with Old High German rosten, German rösten, Middle Dutch roosten "to roast"), originally "cook on a grate or gridiron," related to Germanic words meaning "gridiron, grate;" such as German Rost, Middle Dutch roost, from Proto-Germanic raustijanan"to roast." Compare roster."Also freq. in mod. use to cook (meat) in an oven, for which the more original term is bake" [OED]. Intransitive sense of "be very hot, be exposed to great heat, become roasted" is from c. 1300. Of coffee beans by 1724. The meaning "make fun of (often in an affectionate way) for the amusement of the company" is from 1710. Related: Roasted; roasting.Roast beef is recorded from 1630s; French rosbif is from English. Bifteck and rosbif, words that have come into French after the invasions of 1814 and 1815, are only imitations of the English way of pronouncing "beef-steak" and "roast beef," the French not recognizing their word rôti, formerly rosti, in the English sounds of "roast" nor bœuf, in that of "beef," which in Norman-French was written bœf and buef, and probably pronounced somewhat like the present English. [Jean Roemer, "Origins of the English People and of the English Language," London, 1888]Related entries & more
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
roast (v.)late 13c., rosten，“用干热烹饪（肉、鱼等）”，源自古法语 rostir “烤、烧”（现代法语 rôtir），源自法兰克语 hraustjan（与古高地德语 rosten、德语 rösten、中古荷兰语 roosten“烤”），最初是“在炉排或烤架上烹饪”，与日耳曼语词相关，意思是“烤架、炉排”；例如德语 Rost、中古荷兰语 roost，源自原始日耳曼语 raustijanan“烤”。比较花名册。“也经常在 mod. 中用于在烤箱中烹饪（肉），更原始的术语是烘烤” [OED]。 “非常热，暴露在高温下，被烤”的不及物意义来自c。 1300. 1724 年的咖啡豆。意思是“取笑（通常以一种深情的方式）为公司的娱乐”是从 1710 年开始的。 roasting.Roast beef 是从 1630 年代开始记录的；法语 rosbif 来自英语。 Bifteck 和 rosbif 这两个词在 1814 年和 1815 年入侵后进入法语，只是模仿英语发音“牛排”和“烤牛肉”的方式，法国人不认识他们的单词 rôti，以前是 rosti，英语中“roast”和“bœuf”的发音不同，“beef”的发音在诺曼法语中分别写成 bœf 和 buef，发音可能有点像现在的英语。 [Jean Roemer，“英国人和英语的起源”，伦敦，1888 年]相关条目及更多
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