grate
音标：
英音/ ɡreɪt / 美音/ ɡreɪt /
听听基本释意：
外刊例句：
Apart from the bumping noise of the van rolling over a cattle grate, there was complete silence.
除了货车滚过牛栏的撞击声外，周围一片寂静。
—BBC
The local council has previously posted warnings telling residents to “always stay away from storm water drains, pipes and manholes”, describing them as a series of “grates and pits” which could easily “trap someone”.
当地议会此前曾发布警告，告诉居民“永远远离雨水排水沟、管道和沙井”，并将它们描述为一系列“格栅和坑”，很容易“困住人”。
—BBC
We lighten what could be a heavy dish by adding grated ginger, which isn’t typically involved.
我们通过添加磨碎的生姜来减轻这道厚重的菜肴，这通常是不需要的。
—Washington Times
基本释意：
verb
reduce to small shreds or pulverize by rubbing against a rough or sharp perforated surface
（壁炉上的）金属炉架，炉箅；壁炉（或熔炉）的炉膛；格栅；<美>下水道孔盖
同义词：
grind,scrape,eat into,fester,fret,gnaw,rankle,grating,grating
短释义：
The verb grate entered the English language in the fourteenth century by way of the French word grater, meaning “to scrape.” Using grate in this sense, you might grate your teeth or grate a carrot, meaning rub or pulverize. By the sixteenth century the word had taken on the additional meaning of “sound harshly” and “annoy.” This evolution makes sense if you think about it: If you’ve ever had anything really annoy you — “grate on your nerves” — it can almost seem as if a cheese grater has been applied to your nerves and is slowly ripping them to shreds.
当你磨碎某样东西时，你会把它撕成碎片，就像你把一磅固体奶酪撕碎作为食谱一样。
长释义：
The verb grate entered the English language in the fourteenth century by way of the French word grater, meaning “to scrape.” Using grate in this sense, you might grate your teeth or grate a carrot, meaning rub or pulverize. By the sixteenth century the word had taken on the additional meaning of “sound harshly” and “annoy.” This evolution makes sense if you think about it: If you’ve ever had anything really annoy you — “grate on your nerves” — it can almost seem as if a cheese grater has been applied to your nerves and is slowly ripping them to shreds.
动词“grate”在十四世纪通过法语单词“grater”进入英语，意思是“刮擦”。在这个意义上使用“grate”，您可能会磨碎牙齿或磨碎胡萝卜，意思是摩擦或粉碎。到了十六世纪，这个词已经有了“声音刺耳”和“烦人”的附加含义。如果你仔细想想，这种演变是有道理的：如果你曾经遇到过任何真正让你烦恼的事情——“刺痛你的神经”——它几乎就像一个奶酪刨丝器被施加到你的神经上，正在慢慢地将它们撕成碎片。 。
文学例句：
“That’s the drain in the cafeteria floor!” said Grace, peering up twenty feet to a circular, slatted grate.
“那是食堂地板上的排水沟！”格雷斯一边说，一边朝二十英尺高的地方望着一个圆形的板条格栅。
—The Smartest Kid in the Universe by Chris Grabenstein
On top of the mixture, sprinkle your grated cheese.
在混合物的顶部撒上磨碎的奶酪。
—Each Little Bird That Sings by Deborah Wiles
It was as if it took all of her strength to draw in breath after grating breath.
就好像她用了全身的力气才吸了一口气。
—Hattie Big Sky by Kirby Larson
词源：
grate (n.)late 14c., “grill for cooking;” early 15c., “iron bars or cagework across a door or window,” from Anglo-Latin (mid-14c.), from Old French grate or directly from Medieval Latin grata “a grating, lattice,” from Latin cratis “wickerwork, hurdle” (see hurdle (n.)). As a verb meaning “to fit with a grate,” from mid-15c. Related: Grated; grating.Related entries & more
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
grate (n.)late 14c.，“用于烹饪的烧烤架；” 15世纪早期，“门窗上的铁栏或笼子”，源自盎格鲁拉丁语（14世纪中期），源自古法语 grate 或直接源自中世纪拉丁语 grata “格栅、格子”，源自拉丁语 cratis “柳条制品，障碍”（参见障碍（n.））。从 15 世纪中期开始，作为动词，意思是“与格栅配合”。相关：磨碎；光栅。相关条目及更多
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