hatchet
音标：
英音/ ˈhætʃɪt / 美音/ ˈhætʃɪt /
听听基本释意：
外刊例句：
A man has been seriously assaulted by two people armed with a hatchet in what has been described by police as a brutal attack.
一名男子遭到两名持斧头的人严重袭击，警方称这是一次野蛮袭击。
—BBC
Investigators have not found her body — but they say they have found evidence, including 10 garbage bags with bloodstained items, a hacksaw, a hatchet, cleaning supplies and cutting shears.
调查人员尚未找到她的尸体，但他们表示已经找到了证据，包括 10 个装有血迹物品的垃圾袋、一把钢锯、一把斧头、清洁用品和剪刀。
—Washington Post
At least four children have been killed by a man wielding a hatchet who forced his way into a kindergarten in the city of Blumenau in southern Brazil, local officials say.
当地官员称，巴西南部布卢梅瑙市一名男子持斧头强行闯入幼儿园，造成至少四名儿童死亡。
—BBC
基本释意：
noun
a small ax with a short handle used with one hand (usually to chop wood)
短柄小斧
同义词：
tomahawk
短释义：
If someone hands you a hatchet and tells you to start splitting a pile of firewood, they expect you to chop each log into smaller pieces. The difference between a hatchet and an ax is that hatchets have short handles and are meant to be held in one hand. Axes have longer handles for two-handed chopping. If someone wants to “bury the hatchet,” it’s not a threat—they just want to end an argument and be friends.
斧头是一种小斧头，用于砍木头或将圆木砍成方形。如果你去露营，你可能会随身携带一把斧头。
长释义：
If someone hands you a hatchet and tells you to start splitting a pile of firewood, they expect you to chop each log into smaller pieces. The difference between a hatchet and an ax is that hatchets have short handles and are meant to be held in one hand. Axes have longer handles for two-handed chopping. If someone wants to “bury the hatchet,” it’s not a threat—they just want to end an argument and be friends.
如果有人递给你一把斧头并告诉你开始劈一堆木柴，他们希望你将每根木柴切成小块。斧头和斧头之间的区别在于斧头的手柄较短，需要用一只手握住。斧头有较长的手柄，适合双手砍伐。如果有人想“言归于好”，这并不是威胁——他们只是想结束争吵并成为朋友。
文学例句：
I took hold of a hatchet and brought it down on the turtle’s neck, gashing it.
我拿起一把斧子，朝乌龟的脖子砍去，把它割伤了。
—Life of Pi by Yann Martel
Taking her hatchet and running through the swamp as her wretched mother had done.
像她可怜的母亲那样，拿起斧子跑过沼泽。
—The Underground Railroad: A Novel by Colson Whitehead
Without the hatchet he had nothing—no fire, no tools, no weapons—he was nothing.
没有斧头，他就一无所有——没有火，没有工具，没有武器——他什么都不是。
—Hatchet by Gary Paulsen
词源：
hatchet (n.)c. 1300 (mid-12c. in surnames), “small axe with a short handle,” designed to be used by one hand, from Old French hachete “small combat-axe, hatchet,” diminutive of hache “axe, battle-axe, pickaxe,” possibly from Frankish *happja or some other Germanic source, from Proto-Germanic *hapjo- (source also of Old High German happa “sickle, scythe”).
This is perhaps from PIE root *kop- “to beat, strike” (source also of Greek kopis “knife,” koptein “to strike, smite,” komma “piece cut off;” Lithuanian kaplys “hatchet,” kapti, kapiu “to hew, fell;” Old Church Slavonic skopiti “castrate,” Russian kopat’ “to hack, hew, dig;” Albanian kep “to hew”).
Hatchet-face in reference to one with sharp and prominent features is from 1650s. In Middle English, hatch itself was used in a sense “battle-axe.” In 14c., hang up (one’s) hatchet meant “stop what one is doing.” Phrase bury the hatchet “lay aside instruments of war, forget injuries and make peace” (1754) is from a Native American peacemaking custom described from 1680. Hatchet-man was originally California slang for “hired Chinese assassin” (1880), later extended figuratively to journalists who attacked the reputation of a public figure (1944).Related entries & more
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
斧头 (n.)c. 1300（12世纪中期的姓氏），“短柄小斧头”，设计为单手使用，源自古法语 hachete“小战斧，斧头”，hache“斧头，战斧”的缩写，鹤嘴锄”，可能源自法兰克语 *happja 或其他日耳曼语源，源自原始日耳曼语 *hapjo-（也源自古高地德语 happa“镰刀，镰刀”）。这可能来自 PIE 词根 *kop-“殴打、打击”（也源自希腊语 kopis“刀”、koptein“打击、击打”、“komma”“切断一块”；立陶宛语 kaplys“斧头”、“kapti、kapiu”砍伐，跌倒；” 古教会斯拉夫语 skopiti “阉割，” 俄语 kopat’ “砍伐，砍伐，挖掘；” 阿尔巴尼亚语 kep “砍伐”）。 Hatchet-face 指的是具有尖锐和突出特征的人，源自 1650 年代。在中古英语中，hatch 本身的意思是“战斧”。在 14 世纪，hang up (one’s) hatchet 的意思是“停止某人正在做的事情”。埋葬斧头的短语“放下战争工具，忘记伤害，缔造和平”（1754 年）源自 1680 年描述的美国原住民缔造和平的习俗。 Hatchet-man 最初是加州俚语，意为“雇佣的中国刺客”（1880 年），后来扩展比喻攻击公众人物声誉的记者（1944 年）。相关条目及更多
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