chronic
音标：
英音/ ˈkrɒnɪk / 美音/ ˈkrɑːnɪk /
听听基本释意：
外刊例句：
Michelle, who asked not to give her surname, suffers from arthritis, chronic pain and lupus, so she finds it difficult to stand, sit or move.
米歇尔不愿透露自己的姓氏，她患有关节炎、慢性疼痛和狼疮，因此她发现站立、坐下或移动都很困难。
—BBC
The conditions include cancer, cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases – all of which have been linked to smoking.
这些疾病包括癌症、心血管疾病和慢性呼吸道疾病——所有这些疾病都与吸烟有关。
—BBC
“Cannabis use can be helpful for some people in dealing with chronic pain, but smoking it is always going to have negative cardiovascular effects.”
“吸食大麻对某些人缓解慢性疼痛有帮助，但吸食大麻总会对心血管产生负面影响。”
—Washington Times
基本释意：
adjective
being long-lasting and recurrent or characterized by long suffering
（疾病）慢性的，长期的；（问题）一直有的，反复出现的；难以根除的，积习难改的；<英，非正式>糟透的，拙劣的
同义词：
continuing,inveterate
短释义：
The word chronic is used to describe things that occur over a long period of time and, in fact, comes from the Greek word for time, khronos. If you have chronic asthma, it is a recurring health issue for you. No one likes a chronic liar! A problem that cannot be solved can also be called chronic – think of the chronic food shortages in certain parts of the world.
如果你吸过一次烟，那么你就做出了错误的选择。但如果您是长期吸烟者，那么您已经吸烟很长时间并且很难戒掉。
长释义：
The word chronic is used to describe things that occur over a long period of time and, in fact, comes from the Greek word for time, khronos. If you have chronic asthma, it is a recurring health issue for you. No one likes a chronic liar! A problem that cannot be solved can also be called chronic – think of the chronic food shortages in certain parts of the world.
“chronic”这个词用来形容在很长一段时间内发生的事情，事实上，它来自希腊语中的“时间”一词“khronos”。如果您患有慢性哮喘，这对您来说是一个反复出现的健康问题。没有人喜欢长期说谎的人！无法解决的问题也可以称为慢性问题——想想世界某些地区长期的粮食短缺问题。
文学例句：
Perhaps my chronic anxiety kept my weight down.
也许我的长期焦虑使我的体重下降了。
—Black Boy by Richard Wright
At Hanawon, the resettlement center in South Korea, job counselors say that workplace paranoia, stormy resignations, and lingering feelings of betrayal are chronic problems as North Koreans adjust to new lives.
在韩国安置中心哈纳文，就业顾问表示，工作场所的偏执、猛烈的辞职和挥之不去的背叛感是朝鲜人适应新生活时的长期问题。
—Escape from Camp 14: One Man’s Remarkable Odyssey from North Korea to Freedom in the West by Blaine Harden
Speaking figuratively, they were soon chronic alcoholics, men who lived by violence, through extreme action and sensation, through drowning daily in a perpetual nervous agitation.
打个比方来说，他们很快就成了慢性酗酒者，靠暴力、极端的行为和感觉、每天淹没在永久的神经躁动中生活的人。
—Native Son by Richard Wright
词源：
chronic (adj.)early 15c., cronik, of diseases, “lasting a long time,” from Old French chronique and directly from Latin chronicus, from Greek khronikos “of time, concerning time,” from khronos “time” (see chrono-). Vague disapproving sense (from 17c.) is from association with diseases and later addictions. Literal sense “pertaining to time” is rare in English. As a popular slang catch-all word for “cannabis,” popularized from 1992 by “The Chronic,” an album released by rapper Dr. Dre; said to be because it described especially potent marijuana, on the notion of “extreme, severe.” Related: Chronical; chronically.Related entries & more
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
慢性（形容词）15世纪早期，克罗尼克，疾病，“持续很长时间”，源自古法语chronique，直接源自拉丁语chronicus，源自希腊语khronikos“时间，关于时间”，源自khronos“时间”（参见chrono） -)。模糊的不赞成感（从 17 世纪开始）来自与疾病和后来的成瘾的联系。 “与时间有关”的字面意义在英语中很少见。作为流行俚语中“大麻”的统称，自 1992 年说唱歌手 Dr. Dre 发行的专辑“The Chronic”开始流行；据说是因为它描述了特别有效的大麻，具有“极端、严重”的概念。相关：慢性；长期相关条目及更多
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