arduous
音标：
英音/ ˈɑːdʒuəs / 美音/ ˈɑːrdʒuəs /
听听基本释意：
外刊例句：
The United Kingdom, Switzerland, France, Belgium and the Netherlands all challenged the statement with the SLK upholding each complaint “following an arduous and complex process”.
英国、瑞士、法国、比利时和荷兰都对这一声明提出质疑，SLK“经过艰难而复杂的过程”维持了每一项申诉。
—BBC
His release ends of an arduous ordeal for Mr. Woodke in which U.S. officials believed at times that a dangerous military operation would have been required to free him.
伍德克的获释结束了他所经历的艰苦磨难，美国官员有时认为需要采取危险的军事行动才能释放他。
—New York Times
With limited access to basic services, thousands of people have also fled the country, making arduous journeys by road into neighboring nations including Egypt, Chad and South Sudan.
由于获得基本服务的机会有限，数千人也逃离该国，经过艰苦的公路旅行前往埃及、乍得和南苏丹等邻国。
—New York Times
基本释意：
adjective
characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort
艰辛的，困难的
同义词：
backbreaking,grueling,gruelling,hard,heavy,laborious,operose,punishing,toilsome,straining,strenuous
短释义：
Arduous was first used in English to mean “steep” or “difficult to climb.” If you’re an outdoorsman, hiking up a mountain is a lot of fun, but if you’re a couch potato, it’s an arduous trek. Today, the word can be used figuratively for something that is difficult or takes a lot of work. If you spend an arduous week studying for your final exams, you’ll do well because you’ve worked really hard!
使用形容词“hard”来形容一项需要付出很多努力的活动。写所有这些大学论文并填写申请表是一个艰巨的过程！
长释义：
Arduous was first used in English to mean “steep” or “difficult to climb.” If you’re an outdoorsman, hiking up a mountain is a lot of fun, but if you’re a couch potato, it’s an arduous trek. Today, the word can be used figuratively for something that is difficult or takes a lot of work. If you spend an arduous week studying for your final exams, you’ll do well because you’ve worked really hard!
Ardulous 最初在英语中被用来表示“陡峭”或“难以攀爬”。如果你是一个户外运动爱好者，徒步爬山会很有趣，但如果你是一个电视迷，那就是一次艰苦的跋涉。今天，这个词可以比喻为困难或需要大量工作的事情。如果你花了一周艰苦的时间准备期末考试，你会考得很好，因为你真的很努力！
文学例句：
Sometimes gold was hidden in a wand with a false bottom, to appear miraculously in a crucible at the end of some arduous experimental demonstration.
有时，金子被藏在一根带有假底的魔杖中，在一些艰苦的实验演示结束后，金子会奇迹般地出现在坩埚中。
—Cosmos by Carl Sagan
The climb up to the arches and stained-glass windows was long and arduous.
爬上拱门和彩色玻璃窗的路程漫长而艰辛。
—Redwall by Brian Jacques
He was like some shaman fasting during a particularly arduous and prolonged mystical rite.
他就像某个萨满在进行特别艰苦而漫长的神秘仪式时禁食。
—The Best of Enemies by Osha Gray Davidson
词源：
arduous (adj.)1530s, “hard to accomplish, difficult to do, attended with much labor,” from Latin arduus “high, steep,” also figuratively, “difficult, hard to reach” (from PIE root *eredh- “high;” for which see ortho-). The literal sense of “high, steep, difficult to climb” is attested in English from 1709. Related: Arduously; arduousness.What is arduous requires more energy and endurance, and is less within the reach of common powers, than what is hard. Its primitive meaning of steep climbing is still felt in it, and makes it suggestive of severe and protracted effort. [Century Dictionary]Related entries & more
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
arduo（形容词）1530年代，“难以完成，难以做，需要大量的劳动”，源自拉丁语arduus“高，陡峭”，也象征性地“困难，难以到达”（来自PIE根*eredh-“高” ;”参见 ortho-)。 “高、陡、难攀登”的字面意义自 1709 年起就在英语中得到证实。艰巨的事情比艰难的事情需要更多的精力和耐力，并且一般力量无法做到。其原始的陡峭攀登含义至今仍能在其中感受到，并使其暗示着艰苦而持久的努力。 [世纪词典]相关词条及更多
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