castigate
音标：
美音：/ˈkæstɪɡeɪt/，英音：/ˈkæstɪɡeɪt/
听听基本释意：
外刊例句：
Throughout 2016, he castigated Hillary Clinton for using a private email server instead of a secure government one.
整个 2016 年，他严厉批评希拉里·克林顿 (Hillary Clinton) 使用私人电子邮件服务器而不是安全的政府电子邮件服务器。
—New York Times
On Monday, Biden floated the possibility of a tax on energy giants’ profits if they refused to expand production, castigating firms for not doing enough to lower prices.
周一，拜登提出，如果能源巨头拒绝扩大产量，可能会对它们的利润征税，并批评企业在降低价格方面做得不够。
—Washington Post
Some called the outreach a political ploy amid a series of comments from the president blaming the oil companies for record-high prices and castigating them for their historically high profits.
一些人称这种外展是一种政治策略，因为总统发表了一系列言论，指责石油公司创下了历史新高的油价，并严厉批评了它们创纪录的高利润。
—Washington Post
基本释意：
verb
inflict severe punishment on
v. <正式>严厉批评，申斥；苛评
同义词：
chasten,chastise,correct,objurgate
短释义：
Castigate means punish, and punish harshly, but the punishment is always a severe scolding. Sometimes it means criticize severely. Politicians in the Senate are always castigating each other for their alliances and opinions. Castigate and chasten, which also means “to reprimand” but is less severe, share the Latin root castus which means “pure.” Ideally, if you castigate someone, you mean to guide someone away from the wrong path and toward a more pure one. But it sure doesn’t feel like that when you’re being castigated!
当您的意思是“以特别严厉的方式谴责”时，请使用严厉的惩罚。如果你不小心把咖啡洒在了姐姐最喜欢的毛衣上，你可能会担心她发现后会责骂你。
长释义：
Castigate means punish, and punish harshly, but the punishment is always a severe scolding. Sometimes it means criticize severely. Politicians in the Senate are always castigating each other for their alliances and opinions. Castigate and chasten, which also means “to reprimand” but is less severe, share the Latin root castus which means “pure.” Ideally, if you castigate someone, you mean to guide someone away from the wrong path and toward a more pure one. But it sure doesn’t feel like that when you’re being castigated!
严厉的意思是惩罚，严厉地惩罚，但惩罚总是严厉的责骂。有时它意味着严厉批评。参议院的政客们总是互相批评他们的联盟和观点。 Castigate 和 chasten 也有“斥责”的意思，但不那么严厉，它们都有拉丁词根castus，意思是“纯洁”。理想情况下，如果你谴责某人，你的意思是引导某人远离错误的道路，走向一条更纯洁的道路。但当你被责备时，你肯定不会有这样的感觉！
文学例句：
He hated the idea of the black inferiority complex and castigated what he called the worship and idolization of the West and their ideas.
他憎恨黑人自卑感的观念，并严厉斥责了他所谓的对西方及其思想的崇拜和偶像化。
—Long Walk to Freedom by Nelson Mandela
Social media users were quick to castigate Cavill for his views.
社交媒体用户很快就批评了卡维尔的观点。
—Henry Cavill apologises for comments on #MeToo by Staff and agencies
Social media users have been quick to castigate Cavill for his views.
社交媒体用户很快就批评了卡维尔的观点。
—Henry Cavill criticised for #MeToo comments by Andrew Pulver
词源：
castigate (v.)”to chastise, punish,” c. 1600, from Latin castigatus, past participle of castigare “to correct, set right; purify; chastise, punish,” from castus “pure” (see caste) + agere “to do” (from PIE root *ag- “to drive, draw out or forth, move”). The notion behind the word is “make someone pure by correction or reproof.” Compare purge (v.), from purus + agere. Related: Castigated; castigating; castigator; castigatory.If thou didst put this soure cold habit on To castigate thy pride, ’twere well. [Shakespeare, “Timon” IV.iii (1607)]Related entries & more
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
castigate (v.)“惩戒、惩罚” c． 1600，来自拉丁语castigatus，castigare的过去分词“纠正，纠正；净化；惩罚，惩罚”，来自castus“纯粹”（参见caste）+agere“做”（来自PIE根*ag-“驱动，拉出或向前，移动”）。这个词背后的含义是“通过纠正或责备使某人变得纯洁”。比较 purge (v.)，源自 purus +agere。相关：严厉批评；严厉斥责；惩罚者；如果你把这个冷酷的习惯放在身上来惩罚你的骄傲，那很好。 [莎士比亚，“泰门”IV.iii (1607)]相关条目及更多
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