sturdy
音标：
英音/ ˈstɜːdi / 美音/ ˈstɜːrdi /
听听基本释意：
外刊例句：
A white third-class mug is simple and sturdy, with a bright red White Star logo.
白色的三等杯简洁而坚固，上面有鲜红色的白星标志。
—BBC
The long points were kept erect by being stuffed with moss or straw and could be made out of fancy decorative fabrics or sturdier leather.
长点通过填充苔藓或稻草来保持直立，可以用精美的装饰织物或更坚固的皮革制成。
—BBC
That second 45 was a backs to the wall job and, while it wasn’t easy for John Souttar and Andy Robertson either, their sturdy performances came on the back of confidence gained with their club.
第二个 45 杆是一项背水一战的任务，虽然这对约翰·苏塔尔和安迪·罗伯逊来说也不容易，但他们的强劲表现是在俱乐部获得信心的基础上取得的。
—BBC
基本释意：
none
none
结实的，坚固的；（人或身体）强壮的，健壮的；坚决的，坚定的
同义词：
没有找到同义词
短释义：
Physical strength and robust health can also be described as sturdy. Your grandmother is pushing 80, but she is still pretty sturdy if she can beat you at tennis. The adjective sturdy can also describe something (or someone) determined, firm, stalwart, and steady. Hopefully, you and your siblings have a sturdy relationship, so you can withstand all the bickering over who gets to ride shotgun in the car.
形容结构坚固或坚固的东西。你盖的房子一点也不坚固。它在上次的暴风雨中被吹倒了。幸运的是，那只是一个狗屋，里面并没有狗。
长释义：
Physical strength and robust health can also be described as sturdy. Your grandmother is pushing 80, but she is still pretty sturdy if she can beat you at tennis. The adjective sturdy can also describe something (or someone) determined, firm, stalwart, and steady. Hopefully, you and your siblings have a sturdy relationship, so you can withstand all the bickering over who gets to ride shotgun in the car.
体力强健也可以用彪悍来形容。你的祖母已经八十多岁了，但如果她能在网球上击败你，她仍然很强壮。形容词“strong”也可以形容某事（或某人）坚定、坚定、坚定和稳定。希望你和你的兄弟姐妹有牢固的关系，这样你就可以承受所有关于谁可以在车里骑猎枪的争吵。
文学例句：
Mami buys me a white turtleneck to wear with a red jumper and a pair of sturdy saddle shoes.
妈妈给我买了一件白色高领毛衣，搭配一件红色毛衣和一双坚固的马鞍鞋。
—Lucky Broken Girl by Ruth Behar
Today he came to my side with one of the drummers of the Regiment, which sturdy youth I have seen perform most astoundingly in the course of our dances.
今天，他和军团的一名鼓手一起来到我身边，这是我见过的、在我们的舞蹈中表现得最令人惊叹的强壮年轻人。
—The Astonishing Life of Octavian Nothing, Traitor to the Nation, Volume II: The Kingdom on the Waves by M.T. Anderson
As far as Tad was concerned, they couldn’t get much sturdier than that.
对泰德来说，他们再坚强不过了。
—Time Bomb by Joelle Charbonneau
词源：
sturdy(adj.)c. 1300 (late 12c. as a surname), sturdi, “hard to manage, reckless, violent; fierce, cruel; bold, strong in fighting; stern, severe; ill-humored; disobedient, rebellious,” from Old French estordi, estourdi (11c., Modern French étourdi) “violent,” originally “dazed,” past participle of estordir, estordiir “to daze, stun, stupefy” (Modern French étourdir), from Vulgar Latin *exturdire (source also of Spanish atordir “to stun, daze,” earlier estordir), which some presume to be from Latin intensive prefix ex- (see ex-) + turdus “thrush” (see thrush (n.1)).
The usual suggestion for that proposed origin is that the image is of thrushes eating grape remnants at wineries and then acting drunk. Klein notes that Italian tordo “thrush” also means “simpleton,” and French has the expression soûl comme une grive “drunk as a thrush.” OED, however, regards all these as “open to grave objection.” Century Dictionary compares Latin torpidus “dull” (Lewis & Short has an *ex-torpesco).
In reference to a person, the sense of “solidly built, strong and hardy” is from late 14c. Of objects (trees, walls, etc.), “strong, stout,” c. 1400. In Middle English also of rough waves and raging rivers. Related: Sturdily; sturdiness. Sturdy-boots “obstinate person” is from 1762; a sturdy beggar in old language was one who lives by begging but is capable of work (c. 1400).also from c. 1300
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
坚固的（形容词）c. 1300（12世纪末作为姓氏），sturdi，“难以管理，鲁莽，暴力；激烈，残酷；大胆，好斗；严厉，严厉；脾气暴躁；不听话，叛逆”，来自古法语estordi，estourdi（11世纪，现代法语étourdi）“暴力”，最初是“茫然”，estordir的过去分词， estordiir “to daze, stun, stupefy”（现代法语 étourdir），源自通俗拉丁语 *exturdire（也源自西班牙语 atordir “to stun, daze”，早期的 estordir），有人认为它来自拉丁语密集前缀 ex-（参见 ex-）+ turdus“画眉”（参见画眉 (n.1)）。对于这个起源的通常建议是，这个形象是画眉在酿酒厂吃葡萄残渣，然后表现得喝醉了。克莱因指出，意大利语中的“画眉”也有“傻瓜”的意思，而法语中有这样的表达“soûl comme une grive”“醉得像画眉”。然而，《牛津英语词典》认为所有这些都“值得严重反对”。世纪词典将拉丁语 torpidus 比作“迟钝”（Lewis & Short 有一个 *ex-torpesco）。对于一个人来说，“坚固、强壮、坚韧”的意思是从14世纪后期开始的。物体（树木、墙壁等）“坚固、坚固” c． 1400.在中古英语中也指汹涌的波浪和汹涌的河流。相关： 坚定地；坚固性。坚固的靴子“顽固的人”来自1762年；在古语中，“坚强的乞丐”是指以乞讨为生但有工作能力的人（约1400年）。也来自约1400年。 1300
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