scourge
音标：
英音/ skɜːdʒ / 美音/ skɜːrdʒ /
听听基本释意：
外刊例句：
In its battle against the “scourge of mobile phone crime”, the force said it had also seized more than 1,000 handsets.
该部队在与“手机犯罪的祸害”的斗争中说，它还扣押了1000多个手机。
—BBC
Visitors arriving by train were treated to this witty meditation on the scourge of Britain’s seaside towns, equal parts warning and celebration.
乘火车到达的游客被对待在英国海边城镇的祸害中进行了这种机智的冥想，同等的警告和庆祝活动。
—BBC
“Today,” he said, “we issue a similar warning. The fate of free societies is tied to the willingness to fight the scourge of antisemitism.”
他说：“今天，我们发出类似的警告。自由社会的命运与愿意与反犹太主义的祸害作斗争。”
—BBC
基本释意：
none
none
灾祸；鞭子；苦难的根源
同义词：
没有找到同义词
短释义：
Dating from the 13th century, scourge originally meant “a whip used as punishment.” It wasn’t long until the figurative meaning of “something causing pain or misery” became even more common. A scourge tends to be something that causes folks to suffer terribly, whether it’s a tsunami or unjust laws. You can also use this word as a verb: “Cutting the city’s transportation budget will do nothing but scourge people without cars.”
如果某事会使人们痛苦或造成极大的痛苦和折磨，那就是祸害。腐败的政府是一种祸害，摧毁农民农作物的昆虫瘟疫是另一种祸害。
长释义：
Dating from the 13th century, scourge originally meant “a whip used as punishment.” It wasn’t long until the figurative meaning of “something causing pain or misery” became even more common. A scourge tends to be something that causes folks to suffer terribly, whether it’s a tsunami or unjust laws. You can also use this word as a verb: “Cutting the city’s transportation budget will do nothing but scourge people without cars.”
祸害可追溯到13世纪，最初是“用作惩罚的鞭子”。不久之后，“引起痛苦或痛苦的事物”的象征意义变得更加普遍。祸害往往是导致人们遭受巨大苦难的事情，无论是海啸还是不公正的法律。您还可以将这个词用作动词：“削减城市的运输预算只会使人们无能为力。”
文学例句：
His victim screamed aloud with pain as the scourge lashed his thin bony back.
当祸害猛烈地向他的骨头猛烈抨击时，他的受害者大声尖叫着。
—Redwall by Brian Jacques
A boy, all but naked, squatted upon the ground, sooting fruit trees to protect them from some scourge.
一个男孩几乎赤裸裸地蹲在地上，刺穿了果树，以保护它们免受祸害。
—The Astonishing Life of Octavian Nothing, Traitor to the Nation, Volume II: The Kingdom on the Waves by M.T. Anderson
On the streets, from a distance, they’d scowl at us, thinking we were merely the scourge they already knew and loathed—the mixed-race couple, with mongrel children as advertisement of our sins.
在街道上，从远处，他们向我们皱着眉头，以为我们只是他们已经知道和讨厌的祸害 – 混血夫妇，有杂种孩子，作为我们罪的广告。
—The Poisonwood Bible by Barbara Kingsolver
词源：
scourge(n.)c. 1200, “a whip used for inflicting pain or punishment, a lash used for torture,” from Anglo-French scorge, escorge, back-formation from Old French scurge, eschurge “a whip, scourge, thong,” from escorgier “to whip,” which is from Vulgar Latin *excorrigiare. This is a compound of Latin ex- “out, off,” or here perhaps intensive, (see ex-) + corrigia “thong, shoelace,” in Late Latin “rein,” with sense extension here to “whip.” This is probably [Barnhart] from a Gaulish word related to Old Irish cuimrech “fetter,” from PIE root *reig- “to bind” (see rig (v.)).
Figurative use is from late 14c., biblical, “a punishment, a punitive infliction;” also “one who or that which scourges or destroys.” Scourge of God (Latin flagellum Dei), a title given by later generations to Attila the Hun (406-453 C.E.), is attested from late 14c. (Goddes scourge).also from c. 1200
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
祸害（n。）c。 1200年，“用于施加疼痛或惩罚的鞭子，用于酷刑的睫毛”，来自盎格鲁 – 法国scorge，Escorge，Escorge，来自旧法国scurge的背面形成，从旧法国s骨，“鞭子”，Scourge，Scourge，Thong，Thong，thong，thong’从Escorgier“到鞭子”，来自dulin *Excorrigiare。这是拉丁语前“ Out，Off”的化合物，也许是在这里进行密集的，（请参阅ex-） + Corrigia“ Thong，Shoelace，shoelace，“ in Latin” Latin“ Rein”，在此处进行“ whip”的感觉扩展。这可能是[barnhart]来自与旧的爱尔兰Cuimrech“ Fetter”相关的高卢语单词，pie root *reig-“ bind bind”（请参阅RIG（v。））。象征性的用途来自14c后期，圣经，“一种惩罚，一种惩罚性的罪行”；还有“一个或毁灭或破坏的人”。从14c后期证明了上帝（Latin Flagellum dei）的祸害（拉丁鞭毛Dei），这是后来给阿提拉（Attila）的标题（公元406 – 453年）。 （goddes Scourge）。 1200
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