preliminary
音标：
美音：/prɪˈlɪmɪneri/，英音：/prɪˈlɪmɪnəri/
听听基本释意：
外刊例句：
Those are considered preliminary, and formal charges could differ, said Michael J. Allen, the district attorney who represents the area.
代表该地区的地区检察官迈克尔·J·艾伦 (Michael J. Allen) 说，这些被认为是初步的，正式指控可能会有所不同。
—Washington Post
The motive for the shooting is still under investigation, but authorities say the suspect faces preliminary charges of murder and hate crime charges.
枪击事件的动机仍在调查中，但当局表示，嫌疑人面临谋杀和仇恨犯罪指控的初步指控。
—BBC
“There is preliminary information that contests that,” he said.
“有初步信息对此提出质疑，”他说。
—Washington Times
基本释意：
adjective
denoting an action or event preceding or in preparation for something more important; designed to orient or acquaint with a situation before proceeding
adj. 初步的，预备的
同义词：
overture,prelude,prologue,prelim
短释义：
Preliminary means something that comes before something else. If you want to run in the race, you have to place in the top third of the preliminary round. It can also mean "early" — the preliminary results are in, and you’ve won!
初步意味着先于其他事物的事物。如果你想参加比赛，你必须在预赛中排在前三名。它也可以表示“早”——初步结果出来了，你赢了！
长释义：
Preliminary is often used euphemistically, as in, "There are a few preliminaries we’ll need to take care of before you start your new job. First, sign over all your worldly goods to the company, then write a letter to your family explaining that you will never see them again. All set?"
Preliminary 经常被委婉地使用，例如，“在你开始新工作之前，我们需要做一些准备工作。首先，把你所有的财产都交给公司，然后写信给你的家人解释一下你再也见不到他们了。准备好了吗？
文学例句：
Judge Willmore said he was prepared to offer a preliminary conclusion: He would allow some of Dr. Strayer’s testimony.
威尔莫尔法官表示，他准备提供一个初步结论：他将允许斯特雷耶博士的部分证词。
—A Deadly Wandering: A Mystery, a Landmark Investigation, and the Astonishing Science of Attention in the Digital Age by Matt Richtel
The preliminary bouts were a blur of bodies and punches for Alfred, but he jumped up every time Henry and Jelly did.
预赛对阿尔弗雷德来说是模糊的身体和拳击，但每次亨利和果冻跳起来时他都会跳起来。
—The Contender by Robert Lipsyte
Still, Crick got enough of a sense of Franklin’s preliminary thoughts to hurry back to Cambridge and begin building a model.
尽管如此，克里克对富兰克林的初步想法有了足够的了解，所以他赶紧回到剑桥并开始建立模型。
—The Gene by Siddhartha Mukherjee
词源：
preliminary (adj.)"preceding and leading up to something more important," 1660s, from French préliminaire and directly from Medieval Latin praeliminaris, from Latin prae "before" (see pre-) + limen (genitive liminis) "threshold" (see limit (n.)). A word that arose in reference to painstaking diplomatic negotiations to end the Thirty Years’ War. Earliest attested form in English is preliminaries (n.) "things which lead up to or introduce following matter or events," 1650s.Related entries & more
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
preliminary (adj.)“先于和导致更重要的事情”，1660 年代，来自法语 préliminaire，直接来自中世纪拉丁语 praeliminaris，来自拉丁语 prae“之前”（见 pre-）+ limen（属格 liminis）“阈值”（见限制（名词））。这个词是指为结束三十年战争而进行的艰苦的外交谈判。最早的英文证明形式是 preliminaries (n.) “things which lead up or introduce following matter or events,” 1650s.Related entries & more
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