dissertation
音标：
英音/ ˌdɪsəˈteɪʃ(ə)n / 美音/ ˌdɪsərˈteɪʃ(ə)n /
听听基本释意：
外刊例句：
In a doctoral dissertation that year, Paul Siple, an Antarctic explorer and geographer, observed that “it is not always the windiest days or the coldest ones that affect man’s sensation of chill most.”
南极探险家兼地理学家保罗·西普尔 (Paul Siple) 在当年的一篇博士论文中指出，“并不总是最有风的日子或最冷的日子最能影响人类的寒冷感。”
—New York Times
The founder of the Freedom app, Fred Stutzman, says he got the idea when he was at university and found himself spending too much time on Facebook and not enough time on his dissertation.
Freedom 应用程序的创始人 Fred Stutzman 表示，他在上大学时萌生了这个想法，当时他发现自己在 Facebook 上花费了太多时间，而没有足够的时间在论文上。
—BBC
The 23-year-old said the experience helped her cope with the “overwhelming stress” of deadlines and dissertations.
这位 23 岁的女孩表示，这段经历帮助她应对了截止日期和论文带来的“巨大压力”。
—BBC
基本释意：
noun
a treatise advancing a new point of view resulting from research; usually a requirement for an advanced academic degree
专题论文，学位论文；学术演讲
同义词：
thesis
短释义：
In everyday speech, we sometimes accuse people of delivering dissertations when they overload us with dull information. If you’re annoyed with a long memo from your office manager about keeping the kitchen clean, you could mutter to a coworker, “How’d you like that dissertation Felix posted about rinsing out our mugs?”
论文是一篇长篇文章，通过研究来揭示原创想法。除非你准备好就某个主题写一篇 300 页的论文，否则不要去读研究生。
长释义：
In everyday speech, we sometimes accuse people of delivering dissertations when they overload us with dull information. If you’re annoyed with a long memo from your office manager about keeping the kitchen clean, you could mutter to a coworker, “How’d you like that dissertation Felix posted about rinsing out our mugs?”
在日常言语中，我们有时会指责人们在发表论文时向我们提供了过多的枯燥信息。如果你对办公室经理写的关于保持厨房清洁的长篇备忘录感到恼火，你可以对同事小声说：“菲利克斯发表的关于冲洗我们杯子的论文怎么样？”
文学例句：
We do not propose to write dissertations upon an ancient jug or a tile of the age of Julius Cæsar in order to obtain memberships in some provincial academy.
我们不打算为了获得某个省级学院的会员资格而以凯撒时代的古壶或瓷砖为主题撰写论文。
—One of Cleopatra’s Nights and Other Fantastic Romances
One of Cleopatra’s Nights?Clarimonde?Arria Marcella?The Mummy’s Foot?Omphale: a Rococo Story?King Candaules by Gautier, Th?ophile
He wrote several essays and dissertations; made astronomical remarks and laborious calculations; took great pains towards a history of the heresies of the Anti-Trinitarians, and of the thirty years’ war in Germany.
他撰写了多篇论文和论文；进行了天文评论和繁琐的计算；他煞费苦心地研究了反三位一体论的异端历史和德国三十年战争的历史。
—Curiosities of Human Nature by Anonymous
Claytor’s dissertation topic, regarding point-set topology, delighted the Penn faculty and was acclaimed by the mathematical world as a significant advance in the field.
克莱托关于点集拓扑的论文主题令宾夕法尼亚大学的教师们感到高兴，并被数学界誉为该领域的重大进步。
—Hidden Figures by Margot Lee Shetterly
词源：
dissertation (n.)1610s, “discussion, debate” (a sense now obsolete), from Late Latin dissertationem (nominative dissertatio) “discourse,” noun of action from past-participle stem of Latin dissertare “debate, argue, examine, harangue,” frequentative of disserere “discuss, examine,” from dis- “apart” (see dis-) + serere “to join together, put in a row, arrange (words),” from PIE root *ser- (2) “to line up.”
Sense of “formal, written treatise” is from 1650s. Meaning “research paper required as a final project for a Ph.D or other doctoral degree” is attested by 1877 in reference to continental universities; it was in use in the U.S. by 1890. Related: Dissertational. There is no regular verb to go with it: Dissert (1620s, from French disserter, from Latin dissertare) is obsolete, and dissertate (1766) is marked “Unusual” in OED.Related entries & more
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
dissertation (n.)1610s，“讨论，辩论”（现在已经过时的意思），源自后期拉丁语 dissertationem（主格论文）“话语”，动作名词，来自拉丁语 dissertare 的过去分词词干“辩论、争论、检查、长篇大论” ,” disserere 的常用词“讨论、检查”来自 dis-“分开”（参见 dis-）+serere“连接在一起，排成一行，排列（单词）”，来自 PIE 根 *ser- (2)“去排队。” “正式的、书面的论文”的含义来自 1650 年代。含义“作为博士学位或其他博士学位的最终项目所需的研究论文”在 1877 年根据大陆大学得到证实；到 1890 年，它已在美国使用。相关：论文。没有与之搭配的常规动词：Dissert（1620s，来自法语 disserter，来自拉丁语 dissertare）已过时，并且 dissertate (1766) 在 OED 中被标记为“不寻常”。相关条目及更多
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