penance
音标：
英音/ ˈpenəns / 美音/ ˈpenəns /
听听基本释意：
外刊例句：
The former site of Ermineskin Residential School, one of the largest in Canada, is the Pope’s first stop on his trip – one the pontiff has called “a pilgrimage of penance”.
埃尔米内斯金寄宿学校的旧址是加拿大最大的寄宿学校之一，也是教皇此行的第一站，教皇称之为“忏悔朝圣”。
—BBC
And their words of penance did not necessarily help them.
而他们的忏悔之言并不一定对他们有帮助。
—New York Times
“The retribution of wrath was hanging over this country and the South paid penance in four years of bloody war.”
“愤怒的报应笼罩着这个国家，南方在四年的血腥战争中付出了忏悔。”
—Washington Post
基本释意：
noun
voluntary self-punishment in order to atone for some wrongdoing
忏悔；苦修；苦差事
同义词：
self-abasement,self-mortification,penitence,repentance
短释义：
Although the noun penance can mean any remorse for past mistakes, or any voluntary action meant to right the wrong, Penance, with a capital P, also specifically refers to a sacrament in the Catholic Church. When a person receives Penance, he or she confesses sins to a priest, and along with a blessing, receives an order to do something, such as say certain prayers. This assignment is also called penance.
忏悔是做善事以弥补过去的错误的行为。整个冬天铲你邻居的人行道可能是你对秋天没有帮忙把从你的树上掉下来的叶子扫到他院子里的忏悔。
长释义：
Although the noun penance can mean any remorse for past mistakes, or any voluntary action meant to right the wrong, Penance, with a capital P, also specifically refers to a sacrament in the Catholic Church. When a person receives Penance, he or she confesses sins to a priest, and along with a blessing, receives an order to do something, such as say certain prayers. This assignment is also called penance.
尽管名词penance可以表示对过去错误的任何悔恨，或者任何旨在纠正错误的自愿行动，但大写P的Penance也特指天主教堂中的圣礼。当一个人接受忏悔时，他或她向牧师忏悔罪孽，并在祝福的同时，收到做某事的命令，例如进行某些祈祷。这项任务也称为苦行。
文学例句：
I know you think you failed me, but this…this shouldn’t be your penance, Jake.
我知道你认为你让我失望了，但这……这不应该是你的忏悔，杰克。
—Internment by Samira Ahmed
“You don’t have to do any penance,” I answered.
“你不需要做任何忏悔，”我回答道。
—Bless Me, Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya
Being always the first to spot flaws and transgressions, it falls upon Father to deliver penance.
父亲总是第一个发现缺陷和违规行为，因此有责任进行忏悔。
—The Poisonwood Bible by Barbara Kingsolver
词源：
penance (n.)c. 1300, penaunce, “religious discipline or self-mortification as a token of repentance and as atonement for some sin; sorrow for sin shown by outward acts under authority and regulation of the Church,” from Anglo-French penaunce, Old French peneance (12c.), from Latin pænitentia “repentance,” noun of condition from pænitentum (nominative pænitens) “penitent,” present participle of pænitere “cause or feel regret,” probably originally “is not enough, is unsatisfactory,” from pæne “nearly, almost, practically,” which is of uncertain origin. Transferred sense of “repentance, contrition” is recorded from c. 1300. A popular Old French form, later ousted by the clerical pénitence, which preserves more of the Latin word.Related entries & more
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
苦行 (n.)c. 1300，penaunce，“宗教纪律或自我苦行，作为悔改的象征和对某些罪恶的赎罪；在教会的权威和监管下，通过外在行为表现出对罪恶的悲伤，”来自英法penaunce，古法语penaunce（12c） .)，源自拉丁语 pænitentia“悔改”，条件名词源自 pænitentum（主格 pænitens）“忏悔”，pænitere 的现在分词“导致或感到遗憾”，最初可能是“不够，不满意”，源自 pæne“几乎，几乎，实际上”，其来源不确定。 “悔改、痛悔”的转移意义记录自c。 1300. 一种流行的古法语形式，后来被牧师忏悔所取代，保留了更多的拉丁词。相关条目及更多
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