gruff
音标：
英音/ ɡrʌf / 美音/ ɡrʌf /
听听基本释意：
外刊例句：
But he has long been side-lined on anything to do with Ukraine and, despite his gruff and hostile reputation, he advocated further diplomatic talks on Ukraine and the Russian president chose to ignore him.
但长期以来，他在与乌克兰有关的任何事情上一直处于边缘地位，尽管他的名声粗鲁和充满敌意，但他主张就乌克兰问题进行进一步的外交谈判，而俄罗斯总统却选择无视他。
—BBC
Steve Rosenthal, the committee’s top staffer at the time, recalled him as a gruff but supportive boss who was committed to expanding labor’s role in federal elections.
该委员会当时的高级职员史蒂夫·罗森塔尔(Steve Rosenthal)回忆说，他是一位粗暴但乐于助人的老板，致力于扩大劳工在联邦选举中的作用。
—New York Times
The mayor, whose term ends this year, said he was motivated by years of complaints about cops who are sometimes “gruff and dismissive.”
这位任期将于今年结束的市长表示，多年来对警察有时“粗鲁和轻蔑”的抱怨是他的动力。
—Fox News
基本释意：
adjective
brusque and surly and forbidding
粗暴的；粗哑的；脾气坏的
同义词：
crusty,curmudgeonly,ill-humored,ill-humoured,hoarse,husky
短释义：
Gruff is the perfect adjective to describe a crotchety old man who rarely leaves his house and yells at any children who dare to cross his lawn. You can almost imagine the rough tone of his voice as he points his cane at those pesky “trespassers,” his deep, terrifying bark, causing all the children on his lawn to immediately scatter.
粗鲁是一种唐突或令人生畏的语气。这是一种简短、粗暴的回应，你会在晚餐时——就在你挂断电话之前——给你打电话。
长释义：
Gruff is the perfect adjective to describe a crotchety old man who rarely leaves his house and yells at any children who dare to cross his lawn. You can almost imagine the rough tone of his voice as he points his cane at those pesky “trespassers,” his deep, terrifying bark, causing all the children on his lawn to immediately scatter.
粗暴是形容一个脾气暴躁的老人的完美形容词，他很少离开家，并对任何胆敢穿过他草坪的孩子大喊大叫。你几乎可以想象他用拐杖指着那些讨厌的“闯入者”时的粗鲁语气，他低沉而可怕的叫声，让他草坪上的所有孩子立刻四散开来。
文学例句：
He was the gruff and unsmiling head of the Connecticut 5th, Paul’s army company.
他是保罗陆军康涅狄格第五连的负责人，性格粗暴、不苟言笑。
—I Survived the American Revolution, 1776 by Lauren Tarshis
“Never mind that nonsense,” it replied in a gruff voice.
“别管那些废话了。”它用粗哑的声音回答道。
—Redwall by Brian Jacques
I can hear the sheriff’s gruff voice loud and clear, thanking all of us for being here today, to help him search for his son.
我可以听到治安官粗哑的声音响亮而清晰，感谢我们所有人今天来到这里，帮助他寻找他的儿子。
—King and the Dragonflies by Kacen Callender
词源：
gruff (adj.)1530s, of physical things, “coarse, coarse-grained,” from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German grof “coarse (in quality), thick, large,” of uncertain origin, regarded by some as related to Old English hreof, Old Norse hrjufr “rough, scabby,” with Germanic completive prefix ga-. Of manners, “rough, surly,” by 1690s. Related: Gruffness.Related entries & more
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
gruff (adj.)1530s，指物理事物，“粗略的，粗粒度的”，源自中古荷兰语或中古低地德语 grof “粗略的（质量），厚的，大的，”来源不确定，被一些人认为与古语有关英语 hreof，古斯堪的纳维亚语 hrjufr “粗糙，结痂”，带有日耳曼语完整前缀 ga-。到 1690 年代，举止“粗鲁、乖戾”。相关：粗鲁。相关条目及更多
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