tribulation
音标：
英音/ ˌtrɪbjuˈleɪʃ(ə)n / 美音/ ˌtrɪbjuˈleɪʃ(ə)n /
听听基本释意：
外刊例句：
“It’s a tragic circumstance because it just shows that none of us are immune from the trials and tribulations of life,” the police chief said.
警察局长说：“这是一个悲惨的情况，因为它表明我们没有人能幸免于生活的考验和磨难。”
—Washington Times
Bridges went on to talk about the “trials and tribulations” of being 17.
布里奇斯接着谈到了 17 岁时的“考验和磨难”。
—BBC
Mr. Trump more than once has compared his legal tribulations to those of the notorious Chicago mob boss Al Capone.
特朗普先生不止一次将自己所经历的法律磨难与臭名昭著的芝加哥黑帮老大阿尔·卡彭的经历进行比较。
—New York Times
基本释意：
noun
an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event
苦难；磨难；忧患
同义词：
trial,visitation
短释义：
When you encounter the word tribulation, it will usually be in the company of the word trial as in, “She suffered many trials and tribulations as an early feminist.” The two words, while not identical, emphasize each other as they essentially mean testing and suffering. Tribulation comes from the Latin verb tribulare “to oppress, afflict.”
苦难是痛苦或麻烦，通常是由压迫造成的。煤矿工人的磨难包括危险的工作环境、黑色粉尘引起的肺部疾病以及狭窄、黑暗的工作空间。
长释义：
When you encounter the word tribulation, it will usually be in the company of the word trial as in, “She suffered many trials and tribulations as an early feminist.” The two words, while not identical, emphasize each other as they essentially mean testing and suffering. Tribulation comes from the Latin verb tribulare “to oppress, afflict.”
当你遇到“磨难”这个词时，它通常会与“审判”这个词一起出现，例如“她作为一名早期女权主义者遭受了许多考验和磨难”。这两个词虽然不相同，但却相互强调，因为它们本质上意味着考验和痛苦。苦难源自拉丁语动词 tribulare，意为“压迫、折磨”。
文学例句：
This note, from his Royal Highness, was somewhat in the style of Hannah More, and kindly suggested all the topics of comfort proper to such an hour of tribulation.
这张来自殿下的便条有点汉娜·莫尔的风格，善意地提出了在这样一个磨难时刻所适合的所有安慰主题。
—Curiosities of Human Nature by Anonymous
Ever and again did he renew the tribulations of his people.
他一次又一次地让他的人民再次遭受苦难。
—Jeremiah
A Drama in Nine Scenes by Zweig, Stefan
Let no man complain of the sacrifice, who would claim the reward; for so it is written, “It is through much tribulation that we must enter into the Kingdom of God.”
不要让任何人抱怨牺牲，谁会要求回报；因为经上如此记着：“我们必须经过许多苦难才能进入神的国度。”
—From Egypt to Japan by Field, Henry M. (Henry Martyn)
词源：
tribulation (n.)”a state of affliction or oppression, suffering, distress,” c. 1200, from Old French tribulacion (12c.), from Church Latin tribulationem (nominative tribulatio) “distress, trouble, affliction,” noun of action from past-participle stem of tribulare “to oppress, afflict,” a figurative use by Christian writers of Latin tribulare “to press,” also possibly “to thresh out grain,” from tribulum “threshing sledge,” from stem of terere “to rub” (from PIE root *tere- (1) “to rub, turn”) + -bulum, suffix forming names of tools.Related entries & more
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
苦难（n.）“一种痛苦或压迫、苦难、痛苦的状态” c． 1200，源自古法语 tribulacion (12c.)，源自教会拉丁语 tribulationem（主格 tribulatio）“痛苦、麻烦、折磨”，动作名词，来自 tribulare 的过去分词词干“压迫、折磨”，基督教作家的比喻用法拉丁语 tribulare 的“压榨”，也可能“脱粒谷物”，源自 tribulum“脱粒雪橇”，源自 terere 的词干“摩擦”（源自 PIE 词根 *tere- (1)“摩擦，转动”）+ -bulum，形成工具名称的后缀。相关条目及更多
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