sneeze
音标：
美音：/sniːz/，英音：/sniːz/
听听基本释意：
外刊例句：
People can catch it through close contact and from coughs and sneezes.
人们可以通过密切接触以及咳嗽和打喷嚏感染它。
—BBC
Health curriculums arrived in public schools in the 1920s, including the “handkerchief drill,” in which children as young as kindergarten students were taught to sneeze into their handkerchiefs with “military-style precision.”
健康课程于 1920 年代进入公立学校，其中包括“手帕训练”，从小到幼儿园的孩子都被教导用“军人式的精确度”用手帕打喷嚏。
—Washington Post
It spreads person-to-person through contact with the feces of an infected person or droplets from a sneeze or cough, and less often with contaminated water and food.
它通过接触感染者的粪便或打喷嚏或咳嗽时产生的飞沫在人与人之间传播，较少接触受污染的水和食物。
—Washington Post
基本释意：
verb
exhale spasmodically, as when an irritant entered one’s nose
v. 打喷嚏
同义词：
sneezing,sternutation
短释义：
When you sneeze, you blow air forcefully (and involuntarily) out of your nose and mouth, possibly while making a sound that might be spelled "achoo!" Allergies, pepper, and dust are all famous for making people sneeze.
当你打喷嚏时，你会用力（不由自主地）从你的鼻子和嘴里吹出空气，同时可能会发出可能拼写为“achoo！”的声音。过敏、胡椒和灰尘都会让人打喷嚏。
长释义：
Behind every sneeze is some kind of irritant, a foreign substance that bothers the mucous membranes inside your nose. Pollen, cat dander, and the inflammation of your nose caused by a cold virus can all cause a sneeze (or several sneezes). When you sneeze, muscles in your face, neck, and chest contract reflexively. In rare cases, very bright lights or eating a large meal can make people sneeze. Go figure!
每次打喷嚏的背后都有某种刺激物，一种干扰鼻子内粘膜的异物。花粉、猫皮屑和感冒病毒引起的鼻子发炎都可能导致打喷嚏（或打几个喷嚏）。打喷嚏时，面部、颈部和胸部的肌肉会反射性收缩。在极少数情况下，非常明亮的灯光或大吃一顿会使人打喷嚏。去搞清楚！
文学例句：
Late the next day we had got down there and were creeping along that same snow-slope, very softly, not sneezing, lest we bring down the avalanche.
第二天晚些时候，我们已经到了那里，沿着同一个雪坡爬行，非常轻柔，没有打喷嚏，以免引起雪崩。
—The Left Hand of Darkness by Ursula K. Le Guin
So much pepper is being ground at the moment that we sneeze and cough with every breath we take.
在我们每吸一口气就打喷嚏和咳嗽的那一刻，胡椒粉被磨得太多了。
—The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank
Ralph dug through his old papers, sneezing as he explored one box after another; somehow they’d grown dusty in the move.
拉尔夫（Ralph）翻阅他的旧文件，一边打喷嚏，一边探索一个又一个盒子；不知何故，他们在搬家时变得尘土飞扬。
—Typical American by Gish Jen
词源：
sneeze (v.)late 15c., from Old English fneosan "to snort, sneeze," from Proto-Germanic fneusanan (compare: Middle Dutch fniesen, Dutch fniezen "to sneeze;" Old Norse fnysa "to snort;" Old Norse hnjosa, Swedish nysa "to sneeze;" Old High German niosan, German niesen "to sneeze"), from Proto-Germanic base fneu-s- "sneeze," of imitative origin, as is PIE pneu- "to breathe" (source of Greek pnein "to breathe").Other imitative words for it, perhaps in various ways related to each other, include Latin sternuere (source of Italian starnutare, French éternuer, Spanish estornudar), Breton strevia, Sanskrit ksu-, Lithuanian čiaudėti, Polish kichać, Russian čichat’.English forms in sn- might be due to a misreading of the uncommon fn- (represented in only eight words in Clark Hall, mostly in words to do with breathing), or from Norse influence. OED suggests Middle English fnese had been reduced to simple nese by early 15c., and sneeze is a "strengthened form" of this, "assisted by its phonetic appropriateness." Related: Sneezed; sneezing. To sneeze at "to regard as of little value" (usually with negative) is attested from 1806.Related entries & more
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
sneeze (v.)late 15c.，源自古英语 fneosan“打喷嚏，打喷嚏”，源自原始日耳曼语 fneusanan（比较：中古荷兰语 fniesen，荷兰语 fniezen“打喷嚏”；古挪威语 fnysa“打喷嚏”；古挪威语hnjosa，瑞典语 nysa “打喷嚏”；古高地德语 niosan，德语 niesen “打喷嚏”），源自原始日耳曼语系 fneu-s- “打喷嚏”，模仿起源，如 PIE pneu- “呼吸” （希腊语 pnein“呼吸”的来源）。它的其他模仿词，可能以各种方式相互关联，包括拉丁语 sternuere（意大利语 starnutare、法语 éternuer、西班牙语 estornudar 的来源）、布列塔尼 strevia、梵语 ksu-、立陶宛语čiaudėti、波兰语 kichać、俄语 čichat'。sn- 中的英语形式可能是由于对不常见的 fn- 的误读（在 Clark Hall 中仅用八个词表示，主要是与呼吸有关的词），或来自挪威语的影响。 OED 表明中古英语 fnese 到 15 世纪早期已经简化为简单的 nese，而 sneeze 是这种形式的“强化形式”，“在其语音适当性的帮助下”。相关：打喷嚏；打喷嚏。从 1806 年开始证明对“认为没有价值”（通常带有否定）打喷嚏。相关条目及更多
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