spasm
音标：
英音/ ˈspæzəm / 美音/ ˈspæzəm /
听听基本释意：
外刊例句：
The 33-year-old suffered a back spasm in the third one-day international against South Africa earlier this month and missed the one-off Test against the Proteas.
这位33岁的球员在本月早些时候对阵南非的第三场一日国际比赛中背部痉挛，错过了对阵普罗蒂亚队的一次性测试。
—BBC
The 22-year-old did not play a warm-up tournament before the opening Grand Slam of the season after suffering a back spasm when she bent down to tie a shoelace.
这位22岁的选手在本赛季大满贯揭幕战之前的热身赛中因弯腰系鞋带而导致背部痉挛，因此未能参加比赛。
—BBC
Although she was only referred for diagnosis when she was 18, she’s been experiencing tics – involuntary spasms – since she was 12.
尽管她在 18 岁时才被转诊接受诊断，但她从 12 岁起就开始出现抽搐（不自主痉挛）。
—BBC
基本释意：
none
none
痉挛；抽搐；发作
同义词：
没有找到同义词
短释义：
The Greeks had a word called spasmós, which meant “to cramp or convulse.” It also meant “to tear away or violently pull,” which, if you’ve ever suffered a muscle spasm you know is a good definition. The word had a physical meaning up until around 1817, when it came to include the abstract. When you were invited to go hiking in the redwood forest, you could hardly control your spasms of joy. Make sure you stretch before hiking, so you don’t get muscle spasms.
痉挛是肌肉或血管突然收缩。这个想法可以推广到任何突然发生并持续很短时间的事情。除了短暂的庭院工作之外，你度过了一个非常慵懒的周日。
长释义：
The Greeks had a word called spasmós, which meant “to cramp or convulse.” It also meant “to tear away or violently pull,” which, if you’ve ever suffered a muscle spasm you know is a good definition. The word had a physical meaning up until around 1817, when it came to include the abstract. When you were invited to go hiking in the redwood forest, you could hardly control your spasms of joy. Make sure you stretch before hiking, so you don’t get muscle spasms.
希腊人有一个词叫“spasmós”，意思是“痉挛或抽搐”。它还意味着“撕开或猛烈地拉扯”，如果你曾经遭受过肌肉痉挛，你就会知道这是一个很好的定义。直到 1817 年左右，这个词才具有物理意义，当时它包含了摘要。当你被邀请去红杉林徒步旅行时，你几乎无法控制自己的喜悦。确保在徒步前进行伸展运动，以免肌肉痉挛。
文学例句：
He felt a sudden spasm of anger: Why didn’t they react more?
他突然感到一阵愤怒：为什么他们没有做出更多反应？
—The Fighting Ground by Avi
One leg jerked in a solitary spasm which quieted gradually to a twitch and then stopped.
一条腿突然痉挛，但逐渐平静下来，抽搐了一下，然后停止了。
—The Secret History by Donna Tartt
I kept my eyes fixed on Lucy, as did Van Helsing, and we saw a spasm as of rage flit like a shadow over her face; the sharp teeth champed together.
我的眼睛一直盯着露西，范海辛也是如此，我们看到她因愤怒而痉挛，像阴影一样掠过她的脸。锋利的牙齿咬在一起。
—Dracula by Bram Stoker
词源：
spasm(n.)late 14c., “sudden violent muscular contraction,” from Old French spasme (13c.) and directly from Latin spasmus “a spasm,” from Greek spasmos “a spasm, convulsion; wincing; violent movement,” from span “draw (a sword, etc.), pull out, pluck; tear away, drag; suck in; slurp down; contract violently,” which according to Beekes is of uncertain origin, perhaps from a PIE *(s)peh- “to draw, set in motion (violently),” hence “to stretch.”
The figurative sense of “a sudden convulsion, abnormally energetic action or phase” (of emotion, politics, etc.) is attested by 1817.also from late 14c.
下面是词源的翻译（机器翻译比较难翻，参考着看）
spasm(n.)late 14c.,“突然剧烈的肌肉收缩”，源自古法语 spasme (13c.)，直接源自拉丁语 spasmus“痉挛”，源自希腊语 spasmos“痉挛、抽搐、畏缩、剧烈运动”，源自 Spasmos“抽出（剑等）、拉出、拉扯、撕扯、拖动、吸入、吸食、猛烈收缩”，根据比克斯的说法，这是来源不明，也许来自 a PIE *(s)peh-“绘制，开始运动（剧烈地）”，因此“拉伸”。 “突然的抽搐、异常活跃的行动或阶段”（情感、政治等）的比喻意义在 1817 年得到了证实，也是从 14 世纪末开始的。
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